缓冲/回填材料的热损伤与纵波速度关系研究

采用岩石力学试验系统、超声波检测仪、扫描电镜等设备对缓冲/回填材料在25℃～300℃范围内的力学特性和纵波速度进行研究。结果表明:在200℃以前,缓冲/回填材料的应力–应变曲线斜率、单轴强度随温度的上升而呈增大趋势;200℃～300℃的应力–应变曲线斜率、单轴强度随温度升高都有不同程度的降低。缓冲/回填材料的平均纵波速度在25℃～100℃时呈增大趋势,在100℃～300℃呈减小趋势。因此,纵波波速与单轴强度相关性与缓冲/回填材料的特性不同。     

抽水蓄能电站巴氏合金上导轴瓦损坏原因分析

由于冷却油供油路中出油不均匀,使得油槽中存在大量漩涡或空气,造成轴瓦上半部分的油膜无法形成或形成不均匀,从而在运行过程中产生了油膜压力波动。同时,由于轴瓦轴向摆动的灵活性较差,轴瓦上半部分与滑转子间隙较小,轴瓦只有上半部分与滑转子接触,致使轴瓦表面单位面积受力过大。上述两种原因造成的瓦面上半部分应力幅值增加,使轴瓦产生了疲劳破坏。为此,利用光学显微镜和直读光谱仪对轴瓦巴氏合金的组织和成分进行了分析,在此基础上,提出了适宜的改进措施。实践表明,轴瓦金相组织中再无区域性偏析、聚集和组织分层现象出现,Cu6Sn5分布均匀,Sn Sb未发生区域性偏析,组织形貌与两种硬相Sn Sb和Cu6Sn5的总量符合要求。通过对轴瓦衬垫结构进行改进,使得轴瓦摆动的灵活性加大,轴瓦和滑转子之间形成了稳定的油膜,从而使轴瓦受力均匀,运行平稳。     

Constant and switching gains in semi-active damping of vibrating structures

A limit cycle is the stability boundary for linear and non-linear control systems. Hamiltonian mechanics and power flow control are employed to demonstrate this property of limit cycles. The presentation begins with the concept of linear limit cycles which is extended to non-linear limit cycles. Many examples are used to demonstrate these concepts including linear and non-linear oscillators, power engineering, and an extension to a class of plane differential systems. Power flow control based on Hamiltonian mechanics is shown to be applicable to a large class of non-linear systems. Finally, eigenanalysis and flight stability for linear systems are extended to non-linear systems and is referred to as ‘the power flow principle of stability for non-linear systems’.     

Composites structural modelling with uncertain data

The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology to take into account the influence of uncertain data in structural calculations. A specific method, based on the approximation of the responses as a function of the uncertain data, is proposed. Classical methods from the literature are also considered. The different methods are compared on a simple example in terms of response (average value and standard deviation) and in terms of computational cost. The method proposed in the present work permits to estimate correctly the whole response and is very simple to use (pre and post processing). This method is applied to a structural calculation on a “hat-shapes” part called, manufactured in the quasi-isotropic IM7/977-2 composite.     

Prevention of Internal Cracks in Forward Extrusion by Means of Counter Pressure: A Numerical Treatise

In the context of forward bulk extrusion, where product defects are frequently observed, the effect of counter pressure on damage accumulation materializing a Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) approach is presented. A Lemaitre variant damage model accounting for unilateral damage evolution coupled with a multiplicative finite plasticity is utilized for this purpose. After a presentation of the crack governing mechanism, it is demonstrated that application of counter pressure introduces a marked decrease in the central damage accumulation, which in turn increases the formability of the material through keeping the tensile triaxiality in tolerable limits. It is also shown that, for a crack involving process, through systematic increase of the counter pressure, the crack sizes diminish; and at a certain level of counter pressure chevron cracks can be completely avoided.     

High cycle thermo-mechanical fatigue: Damage operator approach

The stress-life approach is standardized and widely accepted for determining fatigue damage under stress-controlled high cycle fatigue (HCF) loading. It was first extended to non-isothermal cases by introducing an equivalent temperature approach (ETA). The paper presents its extension, that is, the damage operator approach (DOA), enabling online continuous damage calculation for isothermal and non-isothermal loading with mean stress correction. The cycle closure point, cycle equivalent temperature, threshold temperature and separate rainflow counting, obligatory for the ETA, are not necessary for the DOA any more. Both approaches are equivalent for the second and subsequent runs of block loading if temperature is constant. However, for non-isothermal cases the DOA is within the worst- and the best-case scenarios of the ETA. The approaches are compared with the simple stress history and several thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) cycle types.     

Relationship between normal load and dynamic co-efficient of friction on rock-rubber wear mechanism

In this study, rubber compounds were produced in varying proportions of carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) and natural rubber (NR) and the parameters such as cure characteristics, wear behavior against various surfaces at different normal loads, and frictional works were tested. The tensile strength and dynamic co-efficient of friction of sample containing 80 wt.% of XNBR was high compared to other samples by 2% and 10% respectively. The results of XNBR and NR vulcanizates under normal pressure ranging from 43 to 118 kPa were reported. Based on these results the relationship between normal load and dynamic co-efficient of friction has been proposed. It was also observed that sample containing 80 wt.% of XNBR exhibits lesser volume loss than compared to other samples.     

基于原位十字板强度的沿海地区软黏土超固结比分析

超固结比OCR是评价软黏土变形和强度特性的重要参数。基于天津、上海、连云港、深圳、中山和珠海这6个沿海地区软黏土的原位十字板强度,系统地分析这些地区软黏土的固结状态,并探讨其形成机制。研究结果表明:(1)基于原位十字板强度得到的OCR要明显大于室内一维压缩试验的结果,室内压缩试验会显著低估沿海软黏土的OCR;(2)6个地区的OCR随深度的变化规律较为一致,OCR随深度增加,逐渐减小至某一稳定值,浅层均表现出一定的超固结现象,而深层的固结状态则表现出一定的复杂性;(3)现有模型能够解释我国沿海软黏土超固结的成因以及变化规律,浅部的超固结现象源于以风化胶结为主的"表层作用",而深部的超固结则源于次压缩。考虑到软黏土突出的取土扰动问题,这种基于原位十字板强度的软黏土OCR评价及成因分析方法值得在我国沿海地区推广。     

3D-FE-Analysis of CT-specimens including viscoplastic material behavior and nonlocal damage

In order to describe the time-dependent inelastic behavior of steel structures up to failure, a material model is developed within the framework of thermodynamics considering viscoplastic material behavior, isotropic hardening, softening, and isotropic ductile damage. Since softening and damage lead to localization of deformations, the model is extended by a non-local implicit gradient formulation. An additional gradient equation is formulated for the local damage variable in order to achieve results independent of the finite-element discretization. The approach is verified by 3D-structural analysis of CT-specimens.