Ontology-driven document enrichment: principles, tools and applications

In this paper, we present an approach to document enrichment, which consists of developing and integrating formal knowledge models with archives of documents, to provide intelligent knowledge retrieval and (possibly) additional knowledge-intensive services, beyond what is currently available using “standard” information retrieval and search facilities. Our approach is ontology-driven, in the sense that the construction of the knowledge model is carried out in a top-down fashion, by populating a given ontology, rather than in a bottom-up fashion, by annotating a particular document. In this paper, we give an overview of the approach and we examine the various types of issues (e.g. modelling, organizational and user interface issues) which need to be tackled to effectively deploy our approach in the workplace. In addition, we also discuss a number of technologies we have developed to support ontology-driven document enrichment and we illustrate our ideas in the domains of electronic news publishing, scholarly discourse and medical guidelines.     

QoS Management in Educational Digital Library Environments

Advances in multimedia computing technologies offer new approaches to the support of computer-assisted education and training within many application domains. Novel interactive presentation tools can be built to enhance traditional teaching methods with more active learning. Since a variety of user expectations are possible in such an environment, research must address the incorporation of these factors into presentation tools. During an interactive learning/training process, presentation tools must be able to handle various types of delays. A flexibly adjustable quality of service (QoS) should thus be supported. In this paper, we investigate a framework and systematic strategies for supporting the continuous and synchronized retrieval and presentation of multimedia data streams in a client/server distributed multimedia environment for educational digital libraries. Specifically, we establish a practical framework for specifying multimedia objects, tasks, schedules, and synchronization constraints between media streams. We identify the QoS parameters critical to the support of multimedia presentations for learning and training activities. Based on the proposed framework and QoS specifications, we develop presentation scheduling and buffer management strategies which can enforce the specified QoS requirements in an educational digital library environment.     

Emergent Properties of a Market-based Digital Library with Strategic Agents

The University of Michigan Digital Library (UMDL) is designed as an open system that allows third parties to build and integrate their own profit-seeking agents into the marketplace of information goods and services. The profit-seeking behavior of agents, however, risks inefficient allocation of goods and services, as agents take strategic stances that might backfire. While it would be good if we could impose mechanisms to remove incentives for strategic reasoning, this is not possible in the UMDL. Therefore, our approach has instead been to study whether encouraging the other extreme—making strategic reasoning ubiquitous—provides an answer.Toward this end, we have designed a strategy (called the p-strategy) that uses a stochastic model of the market to find the best offer price. We have then examined the collective behavior of p-strategy agents in the UMDL auction. Our experiments show that strategic thinking is not always beneficial and that the advantage of being strategic decreases with the arrival of equally strategic agents. Furthermore, a simpler strategy can be as effective when enough other agents use the p-strategy. Consequently, we expect the UMDL is likely to evolve to a point where some agents use simpler strategies and some use the p-strategy.     

三维协同设计在水利设计院中的应用

论述了三维协同设计在河北省水利水电勘测设计研究院中的实践,阐明了其应用理念和管理实施架构,结合双峰寺水库项目。介绍了三维协同设计的具体应用。     

基于二重循环的数字水印算法

针对现有数字水印算法中存在的抵抗联合攻击能力差、水印提取准确率不高等问题,提出了一种基于分块快速傅里叶变换(FFT)的二重循环数字水印算法.先进行图像大小归一化,对其进行分块FFT变换,在每个图像块的FFT系数中通过大小关系调制嵌入若干比特水印,水印按照二重循环嵌入.提取时从任何一个包括所有水印的图像部分中,直接通过判断FFT系数的大小关系来提取水印.实验结果表明,该算法能抵抗滤波加噪等常规信号处理攻击,JPEG压缩等压缩攻击,旋转、缩放、平移等全局几何攻击和裁剪、拼贴等特殊攻击以及它们的联合攻击,并且误码率低,接近0.     

有限字符集信号传输的互信息计算

针对目前有限字符集上衰落信道下的数字通信传输方法无法既简洁又准确地计算互信息值问题,提出了一种新的互信息值计算方法.通过分析对数似然比与互信息之间的关系,对高信噪比和低信噪比两种情况下的简化计算进行加权组合,实现了宽信噪比区间内的低复杂度和准确的互信息值计算.实验结果表明,该算法不仅能够准确地计算互信息值,而且能够简洁、准确地评估无线传输的差错概率.与目前常用算法相比,本文算法具有准确、简便和直观的优势,对数字通信系统性能的理论分析具有较好的指导意义.     

动态分数选择的多视角非接触指纹识别融合

与传统的二维指纹采集方式相比,非接触的指纹采集方式可以提供更丰富的特征,并能克服二维采集方式某些不足．基于多视角非接触指纹识别融合问题,提出了基于聚类的动态分数选择(CDSS)算法．首先,通过聚类将匹配分数分为两类,分别计算两类中匹配分数的个数以及其他统计量,然后通过参数的判断选择相应的统计量作为整个系统最终用于决策的匹配分数．实验表明:相比单视角非接触二维指纹识别,基于CDSS的多视角非接触指纹识别的识别性能有显著提高．与sum、max、SVM和Fisher线性判别算法等的实验比较也验证了CDSS在多视角非接触指纹识别融合方面的优越性．     

Riemann-Liouville分数阶图像增强算法及其电路实现

为了解决整数阶微分对图像纹理增强效果不明显及Grümwald-Letnikov（G-L）微分后会使RGB彩色图像边缘色彩失真的问题,提出了一种Riemann-Liouville（R-L）分数阶图像增强算法并讨论了该算法的电路实现.从R-L定义出发,推导出分数阶微分方程,构造了数字图像8个方向上的0~1阶分数阶微分模板并讨论了其数值运算规则,在此基础上构造并实现了数字图像的R-L分数阶微分电路,并在HSI空间对I分量进行分数阶微分实现彩色图像增强.实验结果表明,该算法能比较明显地增强图像的纹理和边缘细节,增强后的图像清晰度和对比度提高,图像视觉效果明显,具有非线性增强灰度图像和彩色图像的复杂纹理特征及边缘信息的独特优势和良好效果.     

数字散斑相关法在SEM观测岩石变形时的应用

通过带扫描电镜的伺服实验机对岩石进行了原位拉伸观测实验,实时采集了岩石变形破坏过程中表面细观形貌的扫描电镜(SEM)照片.将亚像素插值和相关系数插值相结合,有效提升了数字散斑相关法的搜索效率和计算精度,并通过自行研发的数字散斑相关方法(DSCM)程序实现了岩石SEM图像中微小变形的分析计算.通过对比实验测定结果和软件计算结果,验证了算法的有效性.结果表明:岩石变形具有明显的非均匀性,在整体受拉的情况下局部出现受压区,其原因在于应力集中或损伤软化现象,且随着载荷的增加,损伤逐渐加剧并导致应变集中,从而诱发断裂.     

基于数字电路系统的高速PCB信号完整性分析

信号缺失、信号串扰等问题要求电路板设计初期考虑信号完整性.为此,基于高速通用信号处理平台在设计中所遇到的信号完整性的阻抗匹配问题进行探讨,并对阻抗匹配进行仿真,通过调整端接匹配电阻,得出优化结果.结果表明,实验结果与实际情况相符合.