Surface Modification of Biomaterials in Hard Tissue Applications

Surface modification technologies are quite common in the biomedical field to improve the mechanical,chemical, physical and biological properties of implants such as artificial joint and cardiovascular devices. In this paper, recent progress in the investigation of the bioactivity and biocompatibility enhancement of implants using plasma spraying and plasmabased ion implantation (PIII) is described. Plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings are commonly used as bioactive coatings but the relatively poor adhesion between the coatings and titanium is one of main disadvantages which have limited their biomedical applications. In our recent studies, novel bioactive coatings, such as wollastonite and dicalcium silicate, were deposited onto titanium to enhance the surfaces bioactivity and biocompatibility. Our results indicate that plasma sprayed wollastonite and dicalcium silicate coatings possess excellent bioactivity as well as relatively high bonding strength. Plasma immersion ion implantation was also employed to improve the anti-corrosion and biological properties of implants.     

纳米晶工业纯铁及其Ni镀层的性能

为了探究基体材料纳米化对镀层性能的影响,采用直流电沉积方法在纳米晶工业纯铁和粗晶工业纯铁上制备了不同厚度的Ni镀层.利用扫描电子显微镜与X射线衍射仪观察并分析了镀层的组织形貌和结构.采用电化学测试和静态浸泡方法对基体和镀层进行了耐腐蚀性能研究.结果表明,纳米晶工业纯铁的基体及其Ni镀层的耐腐蚀性能略优于相同厚度下粗晶工业纯铁的基体及其Ni镀层,但随着镀层厚度的增加,这种差异逐渐减小.同时随着镀层厚度的增加,镀层表面越来越平整致密.     

Distribution law of flow field and temperature field in electroslag remelting withdrawal process

A three- dimensional mathematical model was developed to describe the interaction of multiple physical fields during the electroslag remelting withdrawal (ESRW) process. Flow fields and temperature fields of the ESRW system were simulated by commercial software ANSYS. The flow fields, temperature fields and the shapes of the molten pool during the ESRW process with different electrode immersed depths and slag heights were analyzed and compared. The temperature of ingot surface was measured, and the accuracy of simulation results was verified. The results show that there are two pairs of vortexes in slag bath during the ESRW process. A pair of large vortexes turns counterclockwise, and another pair of small vortexes rotates clockwise. The speed of slag increases with the increasing of immersion depths of the electrode, and decreases with the increasing of slag heights. There are two high temperature zones in the slag bath, and the temperature in the slag bath is higher than that in the metal bath. The temperature of ESRW system (electrode, slag bath and ingot) becomes higher with the increasing of immersion depths of the electrode, whereas becomes lower with increasing of slag heights.     

Musicking,embodiment and participatory enaction of music: outline and key points

This paper proposes a way of understanding the confluence of the enactive approach to cognition and musicology in a wider sense. The implication is that existing socio-cultural approaches to meaning in music – whereby music is seen as a total social phenomenon, and the naturalistic view of music cognition may be articulated via the life-mind continuum proposed by enactivism. On the one hand, discussions on embodied music cognition are presented with the opportunity to overcome their de facto individualism in a principled, naturalistic way. On the other hand, for the socio-cultural-historical approaches the opportunity seems to be to move beyond the biology-culture divide without submitting to reductionism. A wider explanatory unit is presented. The explanatory utility of embodiment is examined in relation to the wider frame of social-life in dialectical fashion. A definition of musicking is sketched considering it as an instance of processes of social-life. This paper signals a direction to take, yet methodologies, results, and homologies with other disciplines are left open to further discussion.     

“灯芯效应”下珊瑚骨料混凝土氯离子传输行为

研究了“灯芯效应”下珊瑚骨料混凝土在Mg²⁺、SO₄^2-共同作用下Cl^-的传输规律，建立了“灯芯效应”下珊瑚骨料混凝土Cl^-传输模型.结果表明：Cl^-沿半浸泡混凝土高度方向由下而上传输的同时也由表层向中心传输，其在混凝土内部的含量呈类抛物面分布；SO₄^2-的存在会加快Cl^-在混凝土中的传输，而Mg²⁺的加入会抑制Cl^-的传输，导致混凝土在相同高度及深度处的Cl^-含量小于SO₄^2-与Cl^-共同作用下的Cl^-含量；本文建立的“灯芯效应”下珊瑚骨料混凝土氯离子传输模型计算结果与实测结果吻合良好.     

Radical innovation,incremental innovation and training: Analysis of complementarity

This paper analyzes the connection between labour productivity and variables such as radical innovation, incremental innovation, production technology embodied in new machinery and equipment, utilization of productive capacity and training. Furthermore, we test the existence of complementarity between radical innovation, incremental innovation and training. The data used are from Spanish manufacturing and service companies and have been collected by the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS). The results indicate that radical innovation and training have a positive and significant impact on labour productivity. The influence of production technology embodied is also significant but negative. We did not find evidence of complementarity or substitutability between the variables analyzed.     

稀土Y对热浸镀铝镀层组织及耐蚀性的影响

目的 研究稀土Y对热浸镀铝层的影响,提高热浸镀铝件的耐蚀性能.方法 通过向热浸镀铝液中添加不同量的铝钇合金,获得稀土Y含量不同的热浸镀铝件.选用3.5％的NaCl溶液为腐蚀溶液,利用SEM、EDS观测其形貌、成分,并使用电化学测试和全浸试验研究稀土Y对镀层耐蚀性能的影响.结果 当添加0.2％Y时,热浸镀铝层表面平整、无孔洞,针状相细小,镀铝层减薄,过渡层由锯齿状转变为连续带状.稀土Y的添加使镀铝件的自腐蚀电位正移,自腐蚀电流密度减小,添加量为0.2％时,自腐蚀电位最正,为?0.7857 V,自腐蚀电流密度最小,为1.3505×10?8 A/cm2.与添加其他稀土元素相比,添加0.2％Y时,镀层的破裂电位Eb最正,为?0.6957 V.不同稀土含量的热浸镀铝件的交流阻抗谱都为单一的容抗弧,当稀土Y添加量为0.2％时,容抗弧半径最大.全浸试验中,添加0.2％Y的镀件的腐蚀速率最低.结论 稀土Y的添加可以使热浸铝层光滑、连续,且具有提高其耐腐蚀性的作用.Y添加量为0.2％时,镀铝件的耐蚀性最好.     

An Analysis of Energy Consumption in an Adelaide Suburb with Different Retrofitting and Redevelopment Scenarios

Improving energy efficiency of the existing dwelling stock of towns and cities will increasingly be part of the effort to moderate fossil fuel energy consumption in the decades to come. At the same time, residential areas may be subject to densification to better utilise the existing urban infrastructure whilst accommodating a larger population. The analysis of energy consumption arising from these trends offers the potential for optimising built forms and assisting in development decisions for urban renewal to encourage lower energy outcomes. This article describes the application of a model which uses a life cycle approach to the analysis of energy consumption in a residential suburb. The results indicate that the inclusion of embodied energy expended during redevelopment can be substantial and should be considered when modelling future energy consumption scenarios.

     

安泽县西里水电站库区浸没区影响范围分析

对安泽县西里水电站的地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造及水文地质条件进行了地质勘察,通过计算水库浸没区影响范围,从定性和定量上分析了水库库区浸没对周边环境的影响,得出了一些有价值的结论。     

蒸汽发生器管690TT合金的点蚀性能

通过化学浸泡试验、动电位极化曲线的测量并结合扫描电镜(SEM)对经特殊热处理的690合金(690TT)点蚀形貌的观察,研究探讨了两种国产690TT合金在室温下的点蚀性能;并根据ASTM G48A与ASTM G61两种标准对690TT合金抗点蚀性能评估进行了比较。结果表明:两种国产690TT合金中,合金B的抗点蚀性能显著优于合金A的。ASTM G48A对690TT合金进行点蚀试验的最佳试验参数为50℃/3h,所得相应数据结果可靠;由于缝隙腐蚀等原因使ASTM G61对690TT合金管的点蚀电位测量稳定性不佳,可重复性较差。