Effect of non-enzymatic glycation on collagen nanoscale mechanisms in diabetic and age-related bone fragility

Age and diabetes have long been known to induce an oxidative reaction between glucose and collagen, leading to the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) cross-links in collagenous tissues. More recently, AGEs content has been related to loss of bone quality, independent of bone mass, and increased fracture risk with aging and diabetes. Loss of bone quality is mostly attributed to changes in material properties, structural organization, or cellular remodeling. Though all these factors play a role in bone fragility disease, some common recurring patterns can be found between diabetic and age-related bone fragility. The main pattern we will discuss in this viewpoint is the increase of fibrillar collagen stiffness and loss of collagen-induced plasticity with AGE accumulation. This study focused on recent related experimental studies and discusses the correlation between fluorescent AGEs content at the molecular and fibrillar scales, collagen deformation mechanisms at the nanoscale, and resistance to bone fracture at the macroscale.     

现代包装力学

包装工业现代化提出了许多与力学各分支学科相关的问题。从缓冲包装理论、产品脆值和破损边界理论、包装材料、包装容器和缓冲包装设计方法等方面，阐述了有关的力学问题和目前的研究工作进展，初步构划出现代包装力学的学科体系。