碱金属热管轴向传热极限的研究

通过钠热管测试过程中的实验现象，分析研究热管轴向传热率受粘性传热极限、声速传热极限、毛细力传热极限的限制。给出各种传热极限时的壁温分布曲线，并将实验的传热率值与理论值进行比较。最后对实验过程中未发现携带传热极限进行了详细的分析。     

B113-2型低汽气比CO高温变换催化剂的研制

介绍了B113-2型低汽气比CO高温变换催化剂的研制方法及其特点。实验室测试表明,B113-2型催化剂具有堆密度低、运行强度高、选择性好、抗沸水性能优、本体含硫低及低温活性好等优点。     

Kinetic modelling of the catalytic conversion of synthesis gas

A kinetic study for the one-step conversion of synthesis gas to gasoline on a ZnO–Cr₂O₃–ZSM-5 catalyst is described. On this catalyst, three reactions are involved in the overall transformation of synthesis gas: the methanol synthesis, the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons and the water–gas shift reaction. Under the operating conditions selected for the study, it was found that the water–gas shift was at equilibrium and the methanol was completely converted to hydrocarbons. Consequently, it was postulated that the kinetics of the limiting reaction step, the methanol synthesis on the ZnO–Cr₂O₃ component, was the one that controls the overall reaction rate. Three kinetic model equations describing the rate of synthesis gas conversion on the bifunctional catalyst, were considered to fit the data of the experimental runs performed in a Berty well-mixed reactor. Those equations were derived under very special conditions where the methanol decomposition term could be neglected. It was also observed that in the kinetic equations a term involving the fugacity of CO₂ was required to predict the rate properly. The catalyst deactivation was also taken into account in the analysis.     

气体分离用管状炭分子筛膜

以无机陶瓷管为支撑体、热塑性酚醛树脂为原料,经高温炭化制备了炭分子筛膜。用低温N2吸附的方法测定了炭分子筛膜的比表面积,用扫描电子显微镜对膜的形貌和厚度进行了表征。考察了膜的气体透过率以及气体的理想选择性随温度的变化关系:H2、CO2、O2、N2和CH4的透过率随温度的升高而增大;理想选择性α(H2/N2)、α(CO2/N2)、α(CO2/CH4)随温度的升高而减小,而α(O2/N2)随温度的升高先增大后减小,在90℃左右气体选择性达到最大。最后由阿累尼乌斯公式计算了气体透过炭分子筛膜的活化能,进一步说明气体透过机理为活化扩散。     

糠醇单体制备支撑炭分子筛膜

使用糠醇单体在多孔氧化铝管的内表面成功制备了炭分子筛膜。其制备采用了3种方法:(Ⅰ)将酸性催化剂加入到糠醇中使糠醇聚合,然后采用浸渍法涂膜;(Ⅱ)先将催化剂浸渍在支撑体上,然后将支撑体浸入到糠醇溶液中制膜;(Ⅲ)先将催化剂浸渍在支撑体上,然后将支撑体置于糠醇蒸汽中制膜。方法Ⅱ制备的炭膜质量最大。方法Ⅲ制备的炭膜质量次之,方法Ⅰ制备的炭膜质量最小。方法Ⅲ制得的炭膜具有最好的气体选择性,CO2/N2的理想选择性为79.3,O2/N2的理想选择性为10.6,方法Ⅰ、Ⅱ制得的炭膜的气体分离性能相近,CO2/N2的理想选择性为20,O2/N2的理想选择性为6。     

Solubility of Propane in Sulpholane at Elevated Pressures

The solubility of propane in sulpholane has been determined at temperatures in the range 298‐403 K at pressures up to 17.6 MPa. The experimental results were correlated by the Peng‐Robinson equation of state, and binary interaction parameters have been obtained for this system. The parameters in the Krichevsky‐Ilinskaya equation were calculated from these interaction parameters.     

气体流量对化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管的影响

用化学气相沉积法裂解乙炔制备无序多壁碳纳米管,以Fe/S iO2粉状物作为催化剂,考察了气体流量等环境因素对碳纳米管生长的影响。通过TEM和SEM分析得出,当N2流量分别为200、500和800 mL/m in时,碳纳米管的平均直径分别为20、36和82 nm,即碳纳米管的直径随着N2流量的升高而增大。当N2流量增加到800mL/m in时,还生成了大量的直径约为20~30 nm的碳纳米球。不通H2制备不出碳纳米管。     

连接管对调压室涌波水位和水锤压力的影响

在传统大波动过渡过程计算中,调压室底部连接管的影响往往是作为阻抗孔来考虑,在连接管较长的情况下,采用阻抗孔处理时而忽略了连接管的水体弹性,因而容易造成较大误差。通过建立考虑了连接管及不考虑连接管时的调压室节点数学模型,采用Gardel公式来处理调压室的阻抗系数,将调压室的阻抗系数变为负荷实际情况的动态阻抗系数,并结合具体工程实例来分析连接管的长度及管径的变化对调压室涌浪、蜗壳进口压力以及机组转速所产生的影响。研究结果表明,对于连接管较长的情况,应考虑到连接管的作用,为了能充分反射水锤,连接管的面积不宜过小。     

毛细管色谱法同时测定异戊二烯中环戊二烯、甲基吡咯烷酮和二甲基甲酰胺

用毛细色谱法建立异戊二烯中各组分定性分析方法及环戊二烯,N-甲基吡咯烷酮,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的测定方法。气相色谱条件:采用OV-1701毛细管气相色谱柱,50 m×0.32 mm×0.53μm。程序升温60℃保持5 min后,以10℃/min升至190℃,保持3 min。氮气(纯度99.999%)为载气,柱前压为69 kPa。分流进样,分流比1∶100。进样口温度200℃,FID检测器,检测器温度为200℃。结果表明,异戊二烯中各组分均达到良好分离。环戊二烯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的线性范围均为0.5~1 200μg/mL;回收率分别为96.0%~98.5%,95.0%~102%,96.0%~99.6%;检出限均达到0.5μg/mL。其方法简单、快捷且灵敏度高,可以用于异戊二烯中杂质含量的控制。     

Identification of some volatile compounds in the odor of fecal pellets of the rabbit,Oryctolagus cuniculus

A study has been made of the volatile constituents in the vapors collected from fecal pellets of wild rabbits,Oryctolagus cuniculus. Measurements of changes in the heart rates of adult male rabbits exposed to the effluent of a gas chromatographic capillary column were used to indicate the presence of compounds which may be of behavioral significance. Combined with the use of high-resolution columns in gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, this approach has implicated several classes of compounds, including volatile fatty acids and phenols, which in certain absolute or relative concentrations may be involved in the formation of signals of territorial importance.