应用型本科教学的实践与探讨

应用型本科教育的发展是高等教育大众化发展的必然趋势,符合我国经济快速发展的要求。本文通过对应用型本科在教育理念、培养目标和教学环节等方面的思考,对如何培养适应市场经济发展所需的应用型人才进行了探讨。     

测量学精品课程建设的目标与措施探讨

提出将测量学建设成精品课程的构想，精心设计并详细探讨了测量学精品课程建设的总体目标和具体实施方案，同时指出了本课程建设的创新与特色之处．     

Fuzzy-Logic Based Navigation of Underwater Vehicles

A fuzzy logic based general purpose modular control architecture is presented for underwater vehicle autonomous navigation, control and collision avoidance. Three levels of fuzzy controllers comprising the sensor fusion module, the collision avoidance module and the motion control module are derived and implemented. No assumption is made on the specific underwater vehicle type, on the amount of a priori knowledge of the 3-D undersea environment or on static and dynamic obstacle size and velocity. The derived controllers account for vehicle position accuracy and vertical stability in the presence of ocean currents and constraints imposed by the roll motion. The main advantage of the proposed navigation control architecture is its simplicity, modularity, expandability and applicability to any type of autonomous or semi-autonomous underwater vehicles. Extensive simulation studies are performed on the NPS Phoenix vehicle whose dynamics have been modified to account for roll stability.     

电力市场的输电阻塞优化管理

我们研究了电力市场的输电阻塞管理,针对目前电力市场中出现的输电阻塞,提出了阻塞费用的计算办法,机组出力分配预案的算法,以及重新调整预案的模型,得到如下结果:问题1:根据32组试验数据,利用多元线性回归建立了6条主要线路的潮流值关于8台机组出力的线性表达式,利用SAS8软件得到回归方程都通过了显著性检验,复相关系数都不低于0.9995,最大均方误差不超过0.03995,相对误差不超过0.0267%,方案0的最大预测误差不超过0.0447%,说明该表达式很好地反映了线路潮流值与发电机组出力的关系。问题2:我们给出了一种合理的计算阻塞费用的规则:序外容量和序内容量都按照预案清算价和新方案出力对应报价之差计算,这在一定程度上体现了对多发电方和少发电方的公平补偿,还给出了相应补偿公式和阻塞费用计算公式,并证明了阻塞费用等于方案调整后与方案调整前支付费用之差。问题3:采用两种不同方案得到各机组出力分配预案,方案一给出了计算所有段价下各机组能完成的最大负荷的算法,该算法具有一般性,计算量小,并得到负荷需求为982.4MW时清算价是303元/MWh,购电费用74417元,各机组出力为:x1=150,x2=79,x3=180,x4=99.5,x5=125,x6=140,x7=95,x8=113.9方案二采用目标规划方法建立非线性0-1规划模型,采用lingo方便地得到任意     

强化管理 开创国家电网安全生产新局面

介绍2003年度国家电网公司安全生产情况和措施，分析电网安全生产中存在的问题，提出2004年国家电网公司安全生产工作目标和措施。     

Goal and Personality Trait Development in Emerging Adulthood.

The present research examined continuity and change in the importance of major life goals and the relation between change in goals and change in personality traits over the course of college (N = 298). Participants rated the importance of their life goals 6 times over a 4-year period and completed a measure of the Big Five personality traits at the beginning and end of college. Like personality traits, life goals demonstrated high levels of rank-order stability. Unlike personality traits assessed during the same period and in the same sample, the mean importance of most life goals decreased over time. Moreover, each goal domain was marked by significant individual differences in change, and these individual differences were related to changes in personality traits. These findings provide insights into the relatively unstudied question of how life goals change during emerging adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Are major economies on track to achieve their pledges for 2020? An assessment of domestic climate and energy policies

Many of the major greenhouse gas emitting countries have planned and/or implemented domestic mitigation policies, such as carbon taxes, feed-in tariffs, or standards. This study analyses whether the most effective national climate and energy policies are sufficient to stay on track for meeting the emission reduction proposals (pledges) that countries made for 2020. The analysis shows that domestic policies of India, China and Russia are projected to lead to lower emission levels than the pledged levels. Australia's and the EU's nationally legally binding policy framework is likely to deliver their unconditional pledges, but not the conditional ones. The situation is rather unclear for Japan, South Korea, Brazil and Indonesia. We project that policies of Canada and the USA will reduce 2020 emission levels, but additional policies are probably needed to deliver their pledges in full. The analysis also shows that countries are implementing policies or targets in various areas to a varying degree: all major countries have set renewable energy targets; many have recently implemented efficiency standards for cars, and new emission trading systems are emerging.     

Book reviews

In many current semiconductor manufacturing operations, headcount is manually allocated periodically based on man-machine ratio. Attributed to non-optimised allocation of direct labour to operations/machines, considerable productivity loss occurs. The problem is further complicated by some dynamic and uncertain factors such as constantly changing production targets and work in progress, overlapped labour skills, and variability in manufacturing operations and labour absenteeism rates. Motivated by the needs in real practice, this study aims to develop a model for allocating a direct workforce among semiconductor manufacturing operations to meet production targets and maximise labour productivity. This paper presents a two-stage goal programming model for the headcount allocation problem. To enhance the model's pragmatic use, a queueing module is introduced to account for the interferences among the multi-machine operations. Computational experiments are carried out to evaluate the performances of the proposed algorithms and pilot runs are implemented in a factory. Finally, a prototype system is developed and has been proved to be useful in practice.     

系统工程在优化矿山生产管理中的应用

根据某海下石棉矿采矿生产现状,分析目前矿山在地质、回采、运输及管理方面存在的问题,应用系统工程原理建立模型,制定方案并进行综合评价,利用统一规划法建立数量目标树和管理目标树,实现了生产管理的系统化,合理统筹人力、物力,极大的提高了管理水平,各项技术经济指标取得显著的效果.     

Breeding goal traits accounting for feed intake capacity and roughage or concentrate intake separately

Current breeding tools aiming to improve feed efficiency use definitions based on total dry matter intake (DMI); for example, residual feed intake or feed saved. This research aimed to define alternative traits using existing data that differentiate between feed intake capacity and roughage or concentrate intake, and to investigate the phenotypic and genetic relationships among these traits. The data set contained 39,017 weekly milk yield, live weight, and DMI records of 3,164 cows. The 4 defined traits were as follows: (1) Feed intake capacity (FIC), defined as the difference between how much a cow ate and how much she was expected to eat based on diet satiety value and status of the cow (parity and lactation stage); (2) feed saved (FS), defined as the difference between the measured and the predicted DMI, based on the regression of DMI on milk components within experiment; (3) residual roughage intake (RRI), defined as the difference between the measured and the predicted roughage intake, based on the regression of roughage intake on milk components and concentrate intake within experiment; and (4) residual concentrate intake (RCI), defined as the difference between the measured and the predicted concentrate intake, based on the regression of concentrate intake on milk components and roughage intake within experiment. The phenotypic correlations were ?0.72 between FIC and FS, ?0.84 between FS and RRI, and ?0.53 between FS and RCI. Heritability of FIC, FS, RRI, and RCI were estimated to be 0.21, 0.12, 0.15, and 0.03, respectively. The genetic correlations were ?0.81 between FS and FIC, ?0.96 between FS and RRI, and ?0.25 between FS and RCI. Concentrate intake and RCI had low heritability. Genetic correlation between DMI and FIC was 0.98. Although the defined traits had moderate phenotypic correlations, the genetic correlations between DMI, FS, FIC, and RRI were above 0.79 (in absolute terms), suggesting that these traits are genetically similar. Therefore, selecting for FIC is expected to simply increase DMI and RRI, and there seems to be little advantage in separating concentrate and roughage intake in the genetic evaluation, because measured concentrate intake was determined by the feeding system in our data and not by the genetics of the cow.