医院等公共建筑弱电智能化的应用

自动化信息技术广泛应用于建筑领域中,并衍生出了智能化建筑概念,该建筑体系集结了现代化网络信息技术、自动化监测控制技术、弱电技术以及计算机技术。本文以医院等公共建筑为研究对象,分析了弱电智能化系统的应用情况,并展开了探讨。     

江西省卫生服务能力建设工程对乡镇卫生院服务功能开展的影响

目的探讨江西省卫生服务能力建设工程对乡镇卫生院服务功能的影响,为今后健全和完善乡镇卫生院的服务功能提供依据。方法对2010年1 552所乡镇卫生院采用江西省乡镇卫生院卫生服务能力建设工程终期调查表进行调查。用描述性统计指标对2010年乡镇卫生院工作开展及科室设置情况进行分析,并与2007年的数据进行比较。结果 2010年传染病疫情监测开展率为96.08%、常规免疫接种开展率为94.13%较2007年略有降低（97.19%、95.55%）,绝对增加量分别为-1.11%、-1.42%;杀虫、灭鼠开展率为74.48%、碘缺乏病监督监测开展率为69.13%较2007年明显增加（71.27%、64.73%）,绝对增加量分别为3.21%、4.40%。2010年健康教育开展率为96.67%、儿童健康检查开展率为94.78%较2007年明显增加（94.04%、90.05%）,绝对增加量分别为2.63%、4.73%。但2010年儿童生长监测、体弱儿管理的开展情况不理想（74.48%、69.13%）。2010年内科开展率为100.00%、儿科开展率为100.00%、药房（含中药）开展率为100.00%、妇产科开展率为94.99%、化验室开展率为93.66%、B超开展率为92.95%、发热门诊开展率为92.89%、肠道门诊开展率为90.47%、心电图室开展率为87.47%较2007年明显增加（99.73%、92.21%、98.39%、87.96%、90.84%、82.66%、86.32%、90.45%、80.32%）,且均有明显改善。2010年剖腹产开展率为40.60%、胃切除开展率16.06%为较2007年明显降低（46.20%、21.60%）,绝对增加量分别为-5.60%、-4.64%,且外科手术的开展总体呈下降趋势。2010年血、尿、便三大常规开展率为92.75%、乙肝表面抗原开展率为85.18%、乙肝二对半开展率为82.31%较2007年明显增加（90.25%、79.91%、77.49%）,绝对增加量分别为2.50%、5.27%、4.82%,且整体有上升的趋势。2010年胃肠钡餐造影（18.73%）较2007年（22.19%）明显降低。结论江西省乡镇卫生院服务功能整体工作的开展有显著的改善,基本达到预期的目标,但还存在不足及需改善。     

Base Rates of Traumatic Brain Injury History in Adults Admitted to State Psychiatric Hospitals: A 3-Year Study.

Objectives: To determine the base rate of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adults admitted to state psychiatric hospitals. Participants: A total of 3,133 psychiatric patients between the ages of 18 and 60 years old from 7 state facilities were screened for TBI and associated sequelae during a 3-year study period. Method: Comprehensive medical chart/documentation review and treating psychiatrist assessment. Results: A total of 524 (16.73%) had a documented history of TBI, 195 (6.22%) held a previous diagnosis of organic mental disorder at time of admission, 57 (1.82%) had clinical symptoms considered to be consistent with TBI sequelae, and 201 (6.42%) were diagnosed with dysfunction of thinking secondary to TBI. Conclusions: Findings support specific assessment for TBI in these populations, especially in light of previous studies suggesting that psychiatric patients with a history of TBI may require more specialized treatments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

浅谈医院污水处理

概括并举例介绍了医院污水处理的必要性。结合某医院污水处理工程设计,浅述采用膜-生物反应器法对综合医院的医疗污水进行处理的优越性。     

Suicide among patients with diagnoses of anxiety reaction or depressive reaction in general medical and surgical hospitals.

Analysis of records of Veterans Administration general medical and surgical patients with anxiety or depressive reactions, ? of whom had committed suicide and ? of whom were matched nonsuicidal controls, showed that the 2 groups were significantly differentiated on each of 23 feeling and behavior items. Also most of the cases could be categorized in patterns, called: (1) object-loss, suicides with severe interpersonal conflicts; (2) involutional, suicides with insult to their psychological integrity; (3) medical, controls with physical problems; (4) egoistic, both suicides and controls with few ties to society; or (5) preegoistic (tentatively identified), younger controls who were possibly in an earlier stage of the egoistic syndrome. An important measure against suicide is evidence that the hospital staff is interested in, and concerned about, the patient. (18 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Opinions about mental illness in the personnel of two large mental hospitals.

The present research is directed at clarifying the attitudes of the people who work with psychiatric patients. A sample of over 1000 such individuals, ranging from office and kitchen help to psychiatrists in 2 VA hospitals, filled out a specially devised attitude scale. Factor analysis isolated 5 major factors: 2 reflecting negative attitudes (one in which their difference and inferiority to normals was stressed, the other reflecting a desire to place strong social restrictions on them both during and after hospitalization); 2 positive attitude factors (one based on an almost moral sense of obligation to help unfortunates, the other on more professional attitudes towards their treatability). The 5th factor was defined by attitudes towards etiology of psychiatric illness in relation to psychological development. Clear-cut differences of opinion were at the different levels of professional training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

工程与信息融合的水电工程“三甲医院”探讨

以"三甲医院"视角介绍了水电工程运行期工程安全技术服务体系,对水电工程"三甲医院"的定义、基本构成、主要特征等进行了探讨,并对"三甲医院"的健康诊断采用的关键技术的研究与应用进行了阐述,给出了从事相关业务资格评级评等的基本框架。认为以工程为对象,从"三甲医院"视角,才能更好地建立和完善水电工程安全全产业链、全生命周期服务的理论与方法体系。     

Information technology strategy for a patient-oriented,lean, and agile integration of hospital pharmacy and medical equipment supply chains

Both public and private hospitals are increasingly under pressure to reduce costs while improving patient care across all medical disciplines and departments. Hospitals must become patient-oriented, lean, and agile in order to properly realign and integrate health care processes, helping to reconcile efficiency imperatives with patient needs and hospital mission. One of the highest potential for improvement can be found in supply chain management (SCM) practices for medical supplies, which often represent more than 40% of a hospital’s operating budget. We report on 3 case studies of business process management and reengineering projects, relying on advanced information technology, focused on the supply chains of two major urban hospitals, involving $2 million in minimum stocks for drug inventory. Case study 1 deals with an in-depth analysis of SCM practices around a key medical asset in pharmaceutical supply, i.e. infusion pumps. Case study 2 builds upon the findings of case 1, and proposes an radio-frequency identification solution to support a new hospital-wide asset location process and system, aiming for just-in-time availability of infusion pumps for critical drugs administration. Case study 3 complements cases 1 and 2 by analysing the feasibility of integrating the various components of the hospital pharmacy inventories, which in turn could be integrated to asset location systems. Our 3 case studies lead us to a number of conclusions on how hospitals can develop a patient-oriented, agile, and lean perspectives and practices, as well as ensure the proper integration of patient needs within optimised supply chains.     

Understanding adverse experiences in the psychiatric institution: The importance of child abuse histories in iatrogenic trauma.

Psychiatric institutions are intended to be places of treatment and sanctuary. However, iatrogenic events in the hospital may interfere with treatment delivery and adherence (Shaw, McFarlane, & Bookless, 1997); additionally, a history of childhood abuse may increase vulnerability to negative emotional reactions to later adverse or threatening events (Chisholm, Freeman, & Cooke, 2006). The present study extends previous research on the frequency and impact of negative hospital events using the Psychiatric Experiences Questionnaire (Cusack et al., 2003), specifically considering the rate of negative events and consumers' perceptions of their treatment experiences. Questionnaires were administered to 43 participants with a history of at least one inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. Results indicated that 98% of participants had experienced at least one negative event in the psychiatric hospital. Child abuse history was significantly related to number of reported negative hospital events, so that those with a history of child abuse reported experiencing a greater number of negative hospital events and a higher level of subjective distress. Implications for research, clinical practice, and policy to improve trauma-sensitive assessments and treatments are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

寒冷地区医院门诊大厅物理环境调研与建筑性能分析——以天津市为例

以医院门诊大厅为研究对象,对我国寒冷地区典型城市——天津市的5所典型医院门诊大厅的空间形式进行了归纳总结,并分别在冬季、春季、夏季对室内物理环境进行了监测及数据分析,以了解既有医院门诊大厅室内热环境和光环境的现状,并结合软件模拟进行分析总结,为医院门诊大厅的设计提供参考。