武汉地区三级综合医院能耗定额的研究

论文根据我国建筑能耗定额匮乏的现状,基于武汉市三级综合医院能源审计,分析了影响医院能耗的主要因素及其能耗评价指标的合理性,分别讨论了按医院等级、能耗分布制定和床位数量等方法制定医院能耗定额的利弊,认为利用回归分析法、按照医院床位数量分段制定的能耗定额既具科学性,又具有可操作性,并给出了对应定额值。     

高校医疗保健机构社会化改革的思考

分析了高校的校医院参与后勤社会化改革的必要性和可行性 ,提出了校医院的基本定位和校医院现阶段的三种改革模式。     

基于主元分析方法的公立医院财务预算信息化管理系统

公立医院财务预算信息化管理系统存在运行故障高,若不能准确划分数据类型,会导致系统出现运行故 障,影响财务预算信息化管理效果。为此,提出基于主元分析法(principal component analysis,PCA)的公立医院财 务预算信息化管理系统设计。设计公立医院财务预算信息化管理系统整体框架,分析财务预算信息化管理系统各项 模块性能;通过PCA 对财务数据进行分析,完成系统数据库设计,结合硬件模块具体功能设计软件程序实现流程; 将设计的硬件与软件整合,完成公立医院财务预算信息化管理系统的设计。实验结果证明：通过所提方法设计的预 算管理系统,在预算信息化管理时系统运行效果好。     

Making an engine: performativities of building information standards

ABSTRACT

Digitization of buildings requires the systematic handling of a variety and volumes of data. It is a common vision to aim for coordinated homogenization of data structures, enabled by the classification of information. This paper studies the role of building information standards for classification in digitization of the building life cycle. It draws on science and technology studies of information technology standards, big data and building information modelling (BIM) in building research. The approach is based on performativity of standards for information systems, viewing performativity as potentially non-linear and multiple. The five-year design process of a large hospital in Denmark is examined as episodes of performance of the building information standard, particularly one recent standard, the Cuneco Classification System (CCS). The study shows that despite client demands, several building information standards are active over time: an ‘expansive’ design brief process adds user demands and uses room classification. Another process diminishes the design brief more than 50%, with several standards in use. The client’s facilities management system, which performs the structuring of data ‘backwards’ into the design process, makes architects and engineers (but not contractors) use CCS. This fragmentation of performing standards is denoted ‘multiple performativities’ and includes temporal and compartmental performativity.     

It Wasn't Raining When Noah Built the Ark

SUMMARY

In 2004, ten libraries in the Texas A&;M University System began AskNow, a collaborative pilot project offering a chat-based virtual reference service to patrons. This article attempts to describe one of these libraries' experience with implementing virtual reference service.     

Expanding the representation of user activities

Space is often designed based on the representations of user activities (i.e. lists, organograms or flowcharts) that streamline user activities in stepwise, oversimplified, representations that may leave insufficient room for future activity development. However, design can anticipate activity development if users are able to represent their own activities while participating in the design process. A case study of a medical imaging centre reveals that once users have such opportunity, their spatial practices are not only taken into account but also expanded. The designers, the users and the researchers created a range of instruments to expand across three units of analysis: operations, actions and activities. As a result, the representations of space proffered by the designers were expanded to a space of representation for the users, where new ways of working were realized. Based on this study, an integrated model for the production of space and the development of activity is proposed.     

临时防疫医院绿化建设的思考——以火神山医院为例

以武汉火神山医院配套绿化建设为例,分析传染病医院与环境、健康等方面的相关研究,阐述临时防疫医院的绿化建设目的和意义,结合相关规范和标准提出临时防疫医院的绿化建设要点,为今后此类医院绿化建设提供一定借鉴。同时指出临时防疫医院绿化建设对城市绿色安全格局、防灾避险等方面的重要意义,对公共身心健康的积极促进作用。     

康复花园

20世纪50年代后,美国日渐泛滥程式化的医疗建筑设计,产生了很多负面影响,一种以病人为本的全新设计理念,在户外辅助治疗的"康复花园"干90年代开始出现.介绍了康复花园的15种设计原则,这些原则有源于经验的,也有基于常识的,是目前所知的最好的康复花园的设计原则,能带来积极的康复效果.现在西方国家的设计师们运用康复花园的经验和理念,在医疗诊断的基础上针对特殊病人对花园的要求设计花园.还有专门为成人和儿童生理复原、精神治疗、老年痴呆、烧伤、艾滋和癌症患者建造的花园等,有很多领域有待深入研究.     

An ethnographic study of tobacco control in hospital settings

Background

Tobacco control in hospital settings is characterised by a focus on protection strategies and an increasing expectation that health practitioners provide cessation support to patients. While practitioners claim to have positive attitudes toward supporting patient cessation efforts, missed opportunities are the practice norm.

Objective

To study hospital workplace culture relevant to tobacco use and control as part of a mixed‐methods research project that investigated hospital‐based registered nurses'' integration of cessation interventions.

Design

The study was conducted at two hospitals situated in British Columbia, Canada. Data collection included 135 hours of field work including observations of ward activities and designated smoking areas, 85 unstructured conversations with nurses, and the collection of patient‐care documents on 16 adult in‐patient wards.

Results

The findings demonstrate that protection strategies (for example, smoking restrictions) were relatively well integrated into organisational culture and practice activities but the same was not true for cessation strategies. An analysis of resources and documentation relevant to tobacco revealed an absence of support for addressing tobacco use and cessation. Nurses framed patients'' tobacco use as a relational issue, a risk to patient safety, and a burden. Furthermore, conversations revealed that nurses tended to possess only a vague awareness of nicotine dependence.

Conclusion

Overcoming challenges to extending tobacco control within hospitals could be enhanced by emphasising the value of addressing patients'' tobacco use, raising awareness of nicotine dependence, and improving the availability of resources to address addiction issues.