日本环境艺术得以发展的要素分析

以日本关西地区环境状况为例，从自然、人、人工三方面分析了日本环境艺术得以发展的要素。     

The development of Israeli children's images of Jews and Arabs and their expression in human figure drawings.

The development of images of "a Jew" and "an Arab" in Jewish Israeli children who were 4–15 years of age was investigated by means of human figure drawings followed by the administration of questionnaires. The drawings were scored on structural and thematic variables. The questionnaires assessed beliefs and intentions. The hypotheses predicted a differential perception of in- and out-groups and peaks in negativity toward the out-group at preschool age and in early adolescence. Results indicate that, irrespective of age, Jewish Israeli children have generalized images of the two ethnic groups. Preschoolers expressed both positive biases toward the in-group and negativism toward the out-group, and early adolescents manifested mainly negative biases toward the out-group. Children in middle childhood and mid-adolescents manifested reductions in both in-group favoritism and out-group negativity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evaluating statistical difference, equivalence, and indeterminancy using inferential confidence intervals: An integrated alternative method of conducting null hypothesis statistical tests.

Null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST) has been debated extensively but always successfully defended. The technical merits of NHST are not disputed in this article. The widespread misuse of NHST has created a human factors problem that this article intends to ameliorate. This article describes an integrated, alternative inferential confidence interval approach to testing for statistical difference, equivalence, and indeterminacy that is algebraically equivalent to standard NHST procedures and therefore exacts the same evidential standard. The combined numeric and graphic tests of statistical difference, equivalence, and indeterminacy are designed to avoid common interpretive problems associated with NHST procedures. Multiple comparisons, power, sample size, test reliability, effect size, and cause-effect ratio are discussed. A section on the proper interpretation of confidence intervals is followed by a decision rule summary and caveats. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Human impacts on runoff regime of middle and lower Yellow River

In this study, the 54-year (1950 to 2003) monthly runoff series from February, April,August, and November, as well as the annual runoff series, measured at both Huayuankou and Lijin hydrological stations were chosen as representative data, and the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) was applied to analyze the impacts of human activities on the runoff regime of the middle and lower Yellow River. A point of change in 1970 was first determined, and the observed series before 1970 were considered natural runoff while those after 1970 were restored according to linear trends. Then, the CWT was applied to both the observed and restored runoff series to reveal their variations at multi-temporal scales, including the five temporal ranges of 1-4,6-8, 9-12, 16-22, and 22-30 years, and the trend at the temporal scale of 54 years. These analysis results are compared and discussed in detail. In conclusion, because of the impacts of human activities, there have been significant changes in the runoff regime in the middle and lower Yellow River since 1970. The decaying tendency of annual runoff has become more pronounced, and the inner-annual distribution of runoff has changed, but human activities have had little impact on the periodic characteristics of runoff.     

重组人肿瘤坏死因子中二硫键的测定

本文通过电喷雾质谱对流基乙醇还原二硫键的过程进行了动态监测。通过对还原过程中质量数变化的监测，确定了重组人肿瘤坏死因子中二硫键的数目，正确区分正常表达的重组人肿瘤坏死因子和基因工程改构产品，为基因工程产品鉴定提供了一条新的途径。蛋白质中的二硫键在蛋白质高级结构的稳定性及生物学活性中都有着重要的作用［1］，研究二硫键的结合情况始终是生化领域的一个重要课题。二硫键是两个半胱氨酸残基之间形成的一个化学健，它使多肽键的不同区域紧密连接，维持分子折叠结构的稳定性。分子中是否存在二硫键，以及二硫键是否正确结合在蛋白质化学中是一个十分重要的问题。人肿瘤坏死因子（hTNF）是近年来研究较广泛的一种细胞因子，其一级结构中第69位和101位为半胱氨酸，在分子内形威一对二硫键［2］。在hTNF的蛋白质工程研究中，有人将69位和101位Cys的分别用AsP和Arg取代，获得改构的TNF仍具有TNF的生物学活性。因此鉴定rhTNF中是否存在二硫键成为区分rhTNF和改构TNF的重要途径。     

Book Review

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of various terpenes, including a diterpene, forskolin (FSK; a putative penetration enhancer), on skin permeation of valsartan. Permeation studies were carried out with Automated Transdermal Diffusion Cells Sampling System (SFDC 6, LOGAN Instruments Corp., NJ, USA) through rat skin and human cadaver skin (HCS) using ethanol: IPB (pH 7.4) (40:60) as vehicle. The efficacy of the study terpenes for permeation of valsartan across rat skin and human cadaver skin was found in the order of cineole > d-limonene > l-menthol > linalool > FSK and cineole > d-limonene > linalool > l-menthol > FSK, respectively. No apparent skin irritation (erythema, edema) was observed on treatment of skin with terpenes including FSK. FT-IR, DSC, and histopathological studies revealed that FSK enhanced the skin permeation of the active drug by disruption and extraction of lipid bilayers of SC in consonance with other terpenes.     

Projects as communities: consultants,knowledge and power

Outsider intervention in the lives of others is a key dimension of purposive human behaviour, involving the central concepts of power and politics in the mobilisation of resources to structure the distribution of resources and opportunities in other arenas. This paper explores some of the ethnography of consultant behaviour in projects, and in particular emphasises the contingency of knowledge. It focuses on how power over outcomes can be exercised in a project community with consultant actors, especially in teams of academic and commercial consultants. One way to understand the development process is as a system of outsiders and insiders in shifting communities. The consultancy role offers an opportunity for academic research into these interventionist dimensions of the development process, but only if consultancy is consciously used and justified as a research tool.     

US Foreign Affiliates,Technology Diffusion and Host Country Human Development: Human Development Index versus Human Capital

In this study, we use a cross-sectionally correlated and timewise autoregressive model and panel data for the period 1966–2000 to investigate human development as a measure of host country absorptive capacity in 30 developed and developing countries. The results suggest that technology diffusion from US foreign affiliates has a positive and significant impact on labor productivity only if host countries have a minimum level of human development. This condition may partially explain why previous studies show mixed support for the hypothesis that foreign affiliates have a positive effect on productivity in developing countries. Although the results have to be interpreted with caution, the policy implication is that human development enhances the capacity of countries to reap the benefits of foreign direct investments.     

Example‐Driven Deformations Based on Discrete Shells

Despite the huge progress made in interactive physics‐based mesh deformation, manipulating a geometrically complex mesh or posing a detailed character is still a tedious and time‐consuming task. Example‐driven methods significantly simplify the modelling process by incorporating structural or anatomical knowledge learned from example poses. However, these approaches yield counter‐intuitive, non‐physical results as soon as the shape space spanned by the example poses is left. In this paper, we propose a modelling framework that is both example‐driven and physics‐based and thereby overcomes the limitations of both approaches. Based on an extension of the discrete shell energy we derive mesh deformation and mesh interpolation techniques that can be seamlessly combined into a simple and flexible mesh‐based inverse kinematics system.     

座席员的心理资本对压力反应和工作满意度的影响

本研究旨在考察呼叫中心座席员的心理资本与工作压力、压力反应和工作满意度之间的影响关系,并探讨心理资本的调节作用。研究者通过对318位座席员进行问卷测量,通过对数据进行相关分析和分层回归分析后发现,座席员的心理资本与压力反应呈显著负相关、与工作满意度呈显著正相关;座席员的心理资本调节了其工作压力源对工作满意度的影响,但对工作压力源和压力反应之间的调节作用不显著。结论:提升心理资本有助于减轻工作压力造成的压力反应,并提高工作满意度。