采集太阳光的照明系统研究

简要介绍了欧美和日本在采集太阳光用于室内照明技术研究的进展及我国在研究开发全自动跟踪太阳的采光装置，攻克聚光、跟踪和传光等关键技术所取得的成果。指出研究全光谱利用，结合采光技术和光伏发电技术，达到代电和发电功能是进一步研究、发展的目标。     

Powder Deposition in Three Parallel-Oriented Dies of Different Shapes

Uniformity of bulk density distribution during the die filling process is required to minimize quality problems, such as distortion and cracking, for powder compacts. Understanding the die filling process is necessary in ensuring a uniform powder deposition. The second-generation pressure deposition tester (PDT-II) was used to investigate the deposition process and final pressure distribution of powder filling in toroidal, cylindrical, and E-shaped dies. All tests were conducted using a spray-dried free-flowing granular powder. The results indicated that for toroidal dies: (1) the area around 0° orientation (the leeward end) had the highest pressure values (1186.7 to 2498.0 Pa), with the average pressure values of the remaining area 353.7-648.0 Pa; (2) the pressure distribution was symmetrical about the centerline parallel to the feed shoe movement direction; (3) the highest feed shoe speed (500 mm/s) led to the most nonuniform pressure distribution among the three speeds; (4) higher feed shoe speed did not always result in higher final pressure values; and (5) the right die tended to have higher final pressure values (215.0 to 2498.0 Pa) than the center die (95.4 to 2052.5 Pa). For E-shaped dies: (1) the final pressure values of the middle leg (308.9 to 760.7 Pa) were higher than those of the left and the right legs (148.9 to 530.3 Pa); (2) the area along the backside had the highest final pressure value (1054.6 to 1303.8 Pa); (3) the pressure distribution was symmetrical about the centerline parallel to the feed shoe movement direction; and (4) neither the center die nor the right die always had higher pressure values than the other one at all locations. Comparison between cylindrical and toroidal dies indicated that: (1) neither of the two die shapes (cylinder and toroid) led to consistently higher or lower final pressure values at all locations and (2) for all three feed shoe speeds, the toroidal die had higher average final pressure values in the 0° orientation.     

离心浇铸法制备光谱控制样的分析研究

本文研究了应用高频熔化、冶炼、离心浇铸成型新技术,制备光谱控制样的方法及可行性,研究证明,利用本方法制备出的光谱控制样表面光洁度高,均匀性好,且组织结构和基体成份与分析试样一致,可用于光谱分析中工作曲线的校准和质量控制.     

Rendering of Surface and Volume Details in Volume Data*

Aiming at the detail rendering in volume data, a new volume illumination model, called Composed Scattering Model (CSM), is presented. In order to enhance different details in volume data, scattering intensity is decomposed into volume scattering intensity and surface scattering intensity with different weight functions. According to the Gauss probability distribution of gray and gradient of data, we propose an accurate method to detect the materials in a voxel, called composed segmentation. In addition, we discuss the principle of constructing these weight functions based on the operators defined in composed segmentation. CSM can generate images containing more details than most popular volume rendering models. This model has been applied to the direct volume rendering of 3D data sets obtained by CT and MRI. The resultant images show not only rich details but also clear boundary surfaces. CSM is demonstrated as an accurate volume rendering model suited for detail enhancement in volume data sets.     

Complexity of the color appearance of objects with nonuniform illumination

An inversion relationship is clarified between lightness and brightness, and also between chroma and colorfulness under nonuniform illumination with different illuminance levels (high and low) within the same visual field. Brightness (or colorfulness) of object color with low lightness (or chroma) under high illuminance level is perceived higher than that of another object color with high lightness (or chroma) under low illuminance level. Two color images are given for showing the inversion phenomena on brightness–lightness and colorfulness–chroma between object colors under different illuminance levels. These color images are useful for making researchers on color understand the differences in concept between brightness and lightness, and also between colorfulness and chroma. In particular, the concept of colorfulness is important, but difficult to understand. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 372–377, 2007     

Measurement System of Uniformity between Breech Horizontal Platform and Datum Tube Axis of Rocket Artillery

The purpose of this development is to detect the parallelism between the breech horizontal platform and the datum tube axis of the rocket artillery. The located aiming mechanism at the muzzle and located adjustment mechanism at the breech are designed in the system. Besides those, the system also uses an autocollimator with accuracy of 1″ and a collimating mirror together to determine the axis of the datum tube. An electronic level with accuracy of 2″ is employed to measure and display the value of the included angle and the parameter of the inclined direction. The entire accuracy of this system is σ≤± 9.1″. This paper describes the composition and the operating principle of the system and analyzes the accuracy. The development of this system supplies reliable measurement method for new rocket artilleries and artilleries, and this technology is of a good application prospect.     

Monte Carlo simulations to determine coating uniformity in a Wurster fluidized bed coating process

This paper presents a coating model to predict the mass coating uniformity in a Wurster fluid bed coater using a Monte Carlo method. The velocity and voidage data obtained using imaging techniques on the same Wurster coater are used as inputs to the model. The semi-circular Wurster fluid bed used in this work was 22.9 cm in diameter. A batch of 3.6 kg tablets was used to conduct coating experiments and the coating weight gain distribution results were compared to predictions from the simulation. The model rigorously considers the sheltering effect of particles as they move in the spray zone. Good agreement was obtained when comparing the results with an analytical model.Spray shape and orientation of discretization were found to play an important role in predicting the coating uniformity. A simple spray experiment in a particle-free bed showed that the direction of spray material, in general, was vertically upward. Simulation results confirmed that an upward cylindrical spray model gives better agreement with experimental results compared to a solid cone spray model. Finally, the model was used to predict the changes in coating uniformity with bed operating conditions such as gas velocity and gap height. A wider coating distribution was found for the case with the lower gas velocity and gap height.     

Characterization of temporal response, spectral responsivity and its spatial uniformity in photoconductive diamond detectors

Three photoconductive diamond detectors with highly oriented diamond (HOD) films fabricated by the same process were characterized with respect to temporal response, spectral responsivity and its spatial uniformity over the wavelength range from 190 to 250 nm. Temporal measurements showed a drift in the baseline, suggesting the presence of deep level carrier traps. The responsivity of specimen No. 2 was more than twice those of the other two specimens, but it showed an unpredictable current fluctuation. It was found that the spatial uniformities of all the specimens were too low for radiometric purposes. A prominent peak, thought to be due to photoemission, was found in the responsivity spatial distribution of specimen No. 3 under a negative applied voltage.     

三代微光管均匀性测试与分析

利用自行研制的“光电阴极多信息量测试系统”首次对国产三代微光管中的GaAs光电阴极的均匀性进行了光谱响应测试 ,结果表明该国产三代微光管存在明显的非均匀性。利用曲线拟合方法估算了GaAs光电阴极的材料性能参数 ,发现表面逸出概率不一致是非均匀性的主要原因 ,GaAs材料的少子扩散长度 (1 1 2～ 1 82 ) μm ,与阴极厚度相当 ,后界面复合速率在 (1× 1 0 5～ 1× 1 0 6 )cm/s之间 ,它限制了阴极灵敏度的提高     

A CLASS OF BAND-LIMITED CHIP WAVEFORMS FOR DS-CDMA SYSTEMS

In Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access （DS-CDMA） systems, the chip waveform affects the implementation, system bandwidth, envelope uniformity, eye pattern and Multiple user Access Interference （MAI）. In this paper, based on an elementary density function of a second order polynomial, a class of second order continuity pulses is proposed. From this class of pulses, we can find some members having faster decaying rate, bigger eye opening, more uniform envelope and stronger anti-MAI capability than the Nyquist waveform. The normalized-bandwidth-pulseshape-factor product, the decaying rate of the tail of the time waveform, the opening of the eye diagram, and the envelope uniformity of the second order continuity pulses are addressed in the paper that provide the basic information for the selection of the chip pulse for CDMA systems.