一种共聚物的合成工艺及阻垢性能研究

以水为溶剂,次亚磷酸钠-过硫酸钠为引发剂,以丙烯酸(AA)和2-丙烯酰氨基．2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体合成集膦酸基、羧酸基和磺酸基于一体的共聚物制备工艺和阻垢药效进行了研究。经对反应物浓度、反应条件等各因素进行正交设计和反复实验。结果表明,当摩尔配比为AA∶AMPS∶NaH_2PO_2∶Na_2S_2O_8=80∶10∶3∶1,反应温度为70℃,滴加时间为2h,继续保温反应时间为0．5h时,所制备的共聚物阻垢分散性能显著增加,尤以阻Ca_3(PO_4)_2垢的效果明显提高。     

Hydrodenitrogenation and Hydrodesulphurization of Heavy Gas Oil Using NiMo/Al2O3 Catalyst Containing Phosphorus: Experimental and Kinetic Studies

In this work, a systematic study has been conducted to optimize the process conditions and to evaluate kinetic parameters for hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydrodesulphurization (HDS) of heavy gas oil derived from Athabasca bitumen using NiMo/Al₂O₃ catalysts containing phosphorus (P). In the catalyst, the concentration of phosphorus was maintained at 2.7 wt%. Experiments were performed in a tickle‐bed reactor at the temperature, pressure and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 340‐420°C, 6.1‐10.2 MPa and 0.5‐2 h^?1, respectively. H₂ flow rate and catalyst weight were maintained constant at 50 mL/min and 4 g, respectively in all cases. Statistical analysis of all experimental data was carried out using ANOVA to optimize the process conditions for HDN and HDS reactions. Kinetic studies for HDN and HDS reactions were studied within the temperature range of 340‐400°C using the power law model as well as the Langmuir‐Hinshelhood model. The power law model showed that HDN and HDS of heavy gas oil follow first order kinetics. The activation energies for HDN and HDS reactions from the power law and Langmuir‐Hinshelwood models were 94 and 96 kJ/mol and 113 and 137 kJ/mol, respectively.     

An analysis,design and tuning of Cascade Control Systems in the presence of constraints in actuator and process outputs

In the presence of rate constraints in actuator, design of cascade controller based on the primary controller conditional integration can result into closed-loop system oscillations. Stability analysis, performed by the describing function technique and confirmed by simulation, demonstrates that the solution based on the Anti-Reset Windup Cascade Control System (ARW CCS) structure is successful. Design and tuning of the ARW CCS secondary controller is a standard ARW single-input single-output problem. In the present paper tuning is proposed for the ARW CCS primary controller. For the serial process modeling simple rules are derived and confirmed by experimental results, obtained on a drum type boiler of a 210 MWe lignite coal fired unit. General design of the ARW CCS is based on the parallel process modeling and optimization of the primary controller. Optimization is performed in the frequency domain, under constraints on the maximum sensitivity, multiplicative uncertainty bound and sensitivity to measurement noise. Simulation and experimental results on a laboratory thermal plant demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed optimization.     

A bi‐objective approach to reschedule new jobs in a one machine model

We consider a one machine scheduling model, minimizing a classical objective function—either the total completion time or the maximum tardiness—and with two sets of jobs: one with initial jobs already scheduled and one with new jobs that must be inserted in the schedule. As such rescheduling can create a modification of the schedule of the initial jobs, a disruption objective is considered in addition to the original objective. This additional objective can be formulated in four different ways. Such model has been introduced by Hall and Potts, minimizing either a linear aggregation of the two objectives or the initial objective under a constraint giving an upper limit of the disruption objective. In this paper, the aim is to obtain the set of efficient schedules in regard to the two objectives. Algorithms are provided for the eight possible bi‐objective problems and illustrated by some didactic examples.     

基于奇偶树型交互学习机与遗传算法的密文优化系统

为使图像加密系统具备优化功能,并解决当前遗传算法无法实现全局最优、收敛速率慢等问题,提出奇偶树型交互学习机耦合全局离散遗传算法的密文优化系统。定义权值更新机制,耦合混沌映射,构造奇偶树型交互学习机及其互扰模型。将切断型轮盘赌择取机制引入均匀交叉算子中,以图像分块的相邻像素相关系数和密文信息熵为目标,根据权重理论设计加权适应度函数,提出一种全局离散遗传算法,最终形成"初始加密-密文优化"的加密结构。实验结果表明,与超混沌算法、离散遗传算法、元胞自动机相比,该系统的加密质量较好,并且具备全局优化功能,可优化所有迭代结果,使最终输出密文的信息熵最大,相关系数最小。     

基于GP-SRCDKF的初始对准技术研究

随着对惯性导航系统中对准时间要求的不断提高,初始对准需要在大方位失准角条件下进行,此时需采用非线性滤波方法来实现初始对准。基于此,提出高斯过程回归平方根中心差分卡尔曼滤波算法(GP-SRCDKF)。将高斯过程回归融入到SRCDKF算法中,利用高斯过程得到系统回归模型及噪声协方差,用回归模型代替状态方程和观测方程,对相应的噪声协方差进行实时自适应调整。该算法不仅克服了扩展卡尔曼滤波滤波精度低、需要计算雅可比矩阵的不足,而且可解决传统滤波容易受系统动态模型不确定和噪声协方差不准确的限制。仿真实验结果验证了该算法的有效性和优越性。     

一种局部强化的多标签传播社区发现算法

在社交网络中,社区和圈子均表现为一组内部连接相对紧密的节点,但后者规模较小。圈子是重要的局部社区信息,利用这一特点有助于进行社区发现。然而,现有的大部分基于标签传播的社区发现算法并没有考虑圈子的信息。为此,提出一种基于局部强化的多标签传播(LSMLP)社区发现算法。给出圈子的定义,提出一种基于圈子信息的迭代多标签传播策略,并从每个节点的多个标签中选择归属系数最大的标签作为其从属的临时社区。采用两步优化方法使模度最大化。在真实网络的数据实验结果表明,与已有的社区发现算法相比,LSMLP算法能更高效地发现社区。     

基于PCA的高维多目标优化可视化方法

高维多目标优化问题的高维解集由于目标和解的个数众多,对其可视化较为困难。针对上述问题,结合降维和非降维数据分析技术,提出一种高维多目标优化的可视化方法。该方法对高维多目标算法运行后的一组解集进行预处理,运用主成分分析方法分析数据特征,获取转换后的数据及其对应的贡献率。按照贡献率由大到小的顺序调整转换后的数据列顺序;利用主成分贡献率求解转换后数据的行间距离,运行分级聚类算法并对转换后的数据按行排序,重新组织数据,将最终的结果用热图显示。实验结果表明,该方法既能使用户明确转换后每个目标所占的贡献率,又能取得较满意的视觉效果,便于用户理解数据的整体分布并做出决策。     

多交叉混沌选择反向小生境遗传算法

为提高小生境遗传算法的全局以及局部搜索能力,提出一种多交叉混沌选择反向小生境遗传算法。利用分段线性混沌映射函数生成一组混沌数序列,在每次进行交叉操作前,依据序列中对应元素的数值大小选择不同的交叉算子进行操作,通过小生境遗传算法产生较优的子代种群。针对子代种群,应用反向搜索策略获得反向种群,在子代种群和反向种群中进行精英选择得到最终新种群,以进一步加强算法的局部寻优能力。仿真实验结果表明,该算法在最优解及均值方面好于小生境遗传算法,从而证明其可行性和优越性。     

求解高维函数优化问题的交叉熵蝙蝠算法

为改善蝙蝠算法求解高维函数优化问题的全局搜索能力,提高其搜索精度,将交叉熵方法和蝙蝠算法相结合,提出一种交叉熵蝙蝠算法。该算法将基于重要度抽样和Kullback-Leibler距离的交叉熵全局随机优化算法应用于蝙蝠算法中,采用自适应平滑技术提高算法的收敛速度,利用交叉熵方法的遍历性、自适应性和鲁棒性,有效抑制蝙蝠算法的早熟收敛现象。对经典测试函数和CEC2005测试函数的仿真结果表明,该算法具有全局搜索能力强、求解精度高和鲁棒性好等特性。