纤维增强复合材料与现代基础设施建设

高性能纤维增强复合材料(Advanced Fiber Reinforced Polymer,简称FRP)应用于基础设施建设中是近年来国际上研究的热点,结合"八六三"项目开展了基础设施建设用高性能低成本的FRP材料及其关键应用技术的开发工作,取得了一系列成果.在材料改性研究以及产品开发方面,通过纤维混杂改性,开发出适用于不同工程要求的单一品种纤维和混杂纤维的FRP产品及配套树脂材料、配套设备机具等;在关键应用技术开发方面,根据工程需要,开发出钢结构加固技术、砌体结构加固技术、预应力加固技术、结构无损检测技术等基础设施建设中应用FRP材料的关键技术;在规范标准编制方面,主持编制国家规范标准4项,1项已获批准实施,其它3项正在按计划进行;在工程应用方面,应用自主开发的材料和技术,改造、加固工程100多项,创造了巨大的经济效益及广泛的社会效益.这些工作极大地推进了我国在基础设施建设用FRP技术领域的发展.     

磁场和Fe^3＋对铁在0.5mol／LH2SO4中阴极极化行为的影响

用动电位扫描法研究了有无外磁场时纯铁在Ｆｅ２（ＳＯ４）３和Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋Ｆｅ２（ＳＯ４）３溶液中的阴极极化曲线，没有外加磁场时，Ｆｅ＾３＋还原反应与Ｈ＾＋去极化反应有相互促进作用，在单纯Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液或单纯Ｆｅ２（ＳＯ４）３溶液中，外加０．４Ｔ磁场均加速铁的阴极过程，但不改变反应进行的机制；在Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋Ｆｅ２（ＳＯ４）３溶液中磁场对铁阴极过程的加速作用是磁场对Ｆｅ＾３＋还原和对氢离子去极化反应作用     

Negative ion etching of Al−Si−Cu by employing a magnetic filter in halogen plasmas

Al etching was studied employing negative ions generated in downstream Cl₂ plasma. The Al etch rate by the alternate irradiation of positive and negative ions was two times higher than that by usual positive ions. In order to etch the Al film practically on an insulator covered electrode coupled with RF power, reduction of the negative self bias voltage (Vdc) was examined using a magnetic filter which traps electrons. The reason for the high etching reactivity is that the dominant negative ions F in SF₆ and Cl⁻ in Cl₂ plasmas are atomically very similar to the radicals. Addition of SF₆ and H₂ to a Cl₂/BCl₃ mixture reduced Vdc significantly. However, fluorine and hydrogen atoms inhibited Al etching in spite of sufficient ion energy.     

Electroless coating of Permalloy powder and DC-resistivity of alloy composites

A high-resistivity coating of Permalloy (Ni–17.81Fe–1.97Mo wt.%) powders for soft magnetic composites, SMC, was developed and characterized. The coating was made using the electroless plating method employing an aqueous solution of sodium and nickel phosphates. The chemical process led to the formation of a layer up to 1 μm thick deposited on each particle surface and composed of a mixture of Ni(OH)₂, P₂O₅ and NaPO₃ compounds, as shown by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and X-ray powder diffraction studies. The effect of coating on electrical DC resistivity was evaluated on SMC obtained mixing the metal, coated or uncoated, and thermoplastic polymer PEEK (polyetheretherketone) powders, pressing the mixture at 800 MPa and heating in air up to melting the polymer (380–410 °C). The SMC made with coated powders showed an increase in resistivity of more than two orders of magnitude compared to that obtained with uncoated powders when the polymer ranged between 0.5 and 1.5 wt.%. This difference prevails in comparison with sintered materials processed at the same pressure and sintering in hydrogen at 1350 °C. Thus, this process would restrict the eddy currents which affect the performance of soft magnetic products for AC applications.     

磁粉探伤焊缝区反常显示成因分析

研究了中碳钢焊缝区磁粉探伤出现的假磁痕，对焊接过程和焊缝组织进行分析，制订出合理的焊接工艺，避免表面缺陷检测的误判。     

电刷镀Ni-P-Al2O3-碳纳米管复合镀层工艺研究

采用电刷镀的方法，在金属零件表面沉积一层Ni-P-Al2O3-碳纳米管复合材料。实验表明，通过对碳纳米管进行氧化、敏化和活化等预处理，可使碳纳米管颗粒均匀地分散在刷镀层中；施镀溶液温度应控制在55℃，pH值在1．5-2．5。碳纳米管的加入可有效地防止刷镀层裂纹、易剥落、结合强度低的缺陷。     

影响表面缺陷磁粉探伤检测质量的研究

磁粉检测被认为是表面裂纹检测最灵敏的方法之一,尤其是在表面不平或表面不规则性与所需检测的裂纹相比大得多的情况下,磁粉探伤通常被考虑为表面裂纹检测最好的方法.介绍表面缺陷磁粉探伤原理,对磁粉探伤的磁痕特性,磁痕形成受到磁粉性能、磁化规范、磁悬液的浓度和黏度、零件表面状况、裂纹形状等因素的影响进行分析,为提高磁粉探伤检测质量,操作中需要综合考虑这些因素,以便于使工件的表面缺陷经磁化形成的磁痕能清晰地显示出来而且能被准确地予以判断,提高表面缺陷检测准确性.     

钛金属与汽车工业研讨会纪要

综述了介孔材料的合成方法、分类、形成机理、形貌控制和应用。目前各种形状如球形、棒状、片状、螺旋形和绳形等形状的介孔材料已经采用溶胶．凝胶、自组装、微乳、反胶束和超声等方法合成出来。按化学组成介孔材料分为硅基和非硅介孔材料，硅基介孔材料已被很好地研究，相反，非硅介孔材料虽然有着广泛的应用前景但研究不多。介孔材料的几种形成机理已经被提出，主要包括液晶模板和协同组装机理。作者也采用化学超声和反胶束方法制备出新奇的介孔二氧化钛粉末和薄膜材料，其光催化活性明显高于普通二氧化钛粉末和薄膜材料。     

Mg/Al异种材料真空扩散焊界面区域的显微组织

采用真空扩散焊技术对Mg／Al异种材料进行了焊接。采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度计及X射线衍射(XRD)对扩散界面附近的显微组织及性能进行了试验研究。试验结果表明，Mg／Al异种材料真空扩散焊在加热温度Tp=450-490℃，压力强度P=0．08-0．10MPa，保温时间t=40-60min时能得到良好的扩散焊接头。扩散焊界面过渡区形成了致密的新相化合物层，断口形貌呈粗糙暗灰色，以解理断裂为主并伴有脆性的混合型断口，扩散界面过渡区生成了MgAl、Mg3Al2、Mg2Al3等金属间化合物。     

Fe73.5Cu1.0Mo3.0Si13.5B9.0纳米软磁合金的结构与磁性

用X射线衍射及滋测量等方法研究了不同退火温度下Fe73.5Cu1.0Mo3.0Si13.5B9.0纳米软磁合金的结构与磁性,发现合金的显微组织结构与退火温度有关，退火温度为500-520℃时，合金具有最佳软磁性能，合金中如出现Fe-B化合物，软磁性能恶化.