Object Retrieval in the 1st Year of Life: Learning Effects of Task Exposure and Box Transparency.

Before 12 months of age, infants have difficulties coordinating and sequencing their movements to retrieve an object concealed in a box. This study examined (a) whether young infants can discover effective retrieval solutions and consolidate movement coordination earlier if exposed regularly to such a task and (b) whether different environments, indexed by box transparency, would impact the rate of learning and time of discovery of these solutions. Infants (N=12) were presented with an object retrieval task every week from 6 1/2 months of age until they were able to retrieve the toy from the box using coordinated two-handed patterns for 3 weeks. To reach that criterion, infants tested with an opaque box took 2 1/2 months and infants tested with a semitransparent box took 1 1/2 months. Both groups outperformed age-matched controls who received a one-time exposure to the task. Repeated exposure to the task and vision of the toy significantly enhanced this process of solution discovery. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Failures of retrieval and comparison constrain change detection in natural scenes.

In a change detection paradigm, a target object in a natural scene either rotated in depth, was replaced by another object token, or remained the same. Change detection performance was reliably higher when a target postcue allowed participants to restrict retrieval and comparison processes to the target object (Experiment 1). Change detection performance remained excellent when the target object was not attended at change (Experiment 2) and when a concurrent verbal working memory load minimized the possibility of verbal encoding. (Experiment 3). Together, these data demonstrate that visual representations accumulate in memory from attended objects as the eyes and attention are oriented within a scene and that change blindness derives, at least in part, from retrieval and comparison failure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

一种基于循环小波累积量的谐波恢复方法

循环统计量是乘性和加性噪声中谐波恢复问题的主要分析工具之一。本文在其基础上提出了一种新的理论与方法——基于循环小波累积量的谐波恢复方法。首先,提出了循环小波累积量的定义。然后,建立了基于一阶、二阶、三阶循环小波累积量的谐波分量的频率和相位的估计方法。在此基础上,采用了一种可调参数的小波,通过调节其参数来改善传统方法中频率分辨率低的缺陷。最后给出了模拟实验结果。     

On principal component analysis, cosine and Euclidean measures in information retrieval

Clustering groups document objects represented as vectors. An extensive vector space may cause obstacles to applying these methods. Therefore, the vector space was reduced with principal component analysis (PCA). The conventional cosine measure is not the only choice with PCA, which involves the mean-correction of data. Since mean-correction changes the location of the origin, the angles between the document vectors also change. To avoid this, we used a connection between the cosine measure and the Euclidean distance in association with PCA, and grounded searching on the latter. We applied the single and complete linkage and Ward clustering to Finnish documents utilizing their relevance assessment as a new feature. After the normalization of the data PCA was run and relevant documents were clustered.     

3D model retrieval using principal plane analysis and dynamic programming

Three dimensional models play an important role in many applications; the problem is how to select the appropriate models from a 3D database rapidly and accurately. In recent years, a variety of shape representations, statistical methods, and geometric algorithms have been proposed for matching 3D shapes or models. In this paper, we propose a 3D shape representation scheme based on a combination of principal plane analysis and dynamic programming. The proposed 3D shape representation scheme consists of three steps. First, a 3D model is transformed into a 2D image by projecting the vertices of the model onto its principal plane. Second, the convex hall of the 2D shape of the model is further segmented into multiple disjoint triangles using dynamic programming. Finally, for each triangle, a projection score histogram and moments are extracted as the feature vectors for similarity searching. Experimental results showed the robustness of the proposed scheme, which resists translation, rotation, scaling, noise, and destructive attacks. The proposed 3D model retrieval method performs fairly well in retrieving models having similar characteristics from a database of 3D models.     

Ontology-Centered Knowledge Management Using Information Retrieval Techniques

The paper argues that an effective solution to information and knowledge management (KM) needs of practitioners in the construction industry can be found in the provision of an adapted knowledge environment that makes use of user profiling and document summarization techniques based on information retrieval sciences. The conceptualization of the domain through ontology takes a pivotal role in the proposed knowledge environment and provides a semantic referential to ensure relevance, accuracy, and completeness of information. A set of KM services articulated around the selected ontology have been developed, using the Web services model, tested, and validated in real organizational settings. This provided the basis for formulating recommendations and key success factors for any KM project development.     

微波在免疫组织化学中的应用

本文综述微波技术在免疫组织化学中的应用两头及其进展，着重介绍了微波在组织固定、抗原恢复和免疫染色方面的应用，并对微波免疫组织化学的应用前景进行了展望 。     

Using what we know: Consequences of intentionally retrieving gist versus item-specific information.

The effect of a prior gist-based versus item-specific retrieval orientation on recognition of objects and words was examined. Prior item-specific retrieval increased item-specific recognition of episodically related but not previously tested objects relative to both conceptual- and perceptual-gist retrieval. An item-specific retrieval advantage also was found when the stimuli were words (synonyms) rather than objects but not when participants overtly named objects during gist-based recognition testing, which suggests that they did not always label objects under general gist-retrieval instructions. Unlike verbal overshadowing, labeling objects during recognition attenuated (but did not eliminate) test- and interference-related forgetting. A full understanding of how retrieval affects subsequent memory, even for events or facts that are not themselves retrieved, must take into account the specificity with which that retrieval occurs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Formatting texts accessed randomly

Full-text systems that access text randomly cannot normally determine the format operations in effect for a given target location. The problem can be solved by viewing the format marks as the non-terminals in a format grammar. A formatted text can then be parsed using the grammar to build a data structure that serves both as a parse tree and as a search tree. While processing a retrieved segment, a full-text system can follow the search tree from root to leaf, collecting the format marks encountered at each node to derive the sequence of commands active for that segment. The approach also supports the notion of a ‘well formatted’ document and provides a means for verifying the well-formedness of a given text. To illustrate the approach, a sample set of format marks and a sample grammar are given suitable for formatting and parsing the article as a sample text.