Derivation of a control oriented low order model of the dynamics of an infrared oven for the continuous drying of a thin sheet of material

A model consisting of three partial non-linear differential equations for describing the humidity and temperature of a thin sheet of material and of the temperature of the air flow as a function of time and position in an infrared dryer was reduced to a model more adaptable to direct digital control. To begin with the original model was discretized along the length of the dryer and then linearized. Models of orders ranging from 12 to 72 were analyzed for controllability and observability. Using Moore's method, the models thus obtained were further reduced to a controllable state space model of order 5 that produced satisfactory results and for which stability was preserved. Simulated open loop responses of the reduced model to discrete perturbations in emitter electrical power, inlet humidity and velocity of the web, produced satisfactory dynamic and steady-state responses when compared to responses of the original model subjected to similar perturbations. The steady-state responses showed absolute errors for humidity and temperature of the web less than 1.3% [g water/100 g] and 2.2°C, respectively.     

互联大系统能控能观性模型简化

不能控不能观系统可以集结成为一个能观但不能控的系统,这是传统的结论。本文提出一种旨在改变系统结构的新集结方法,可以把不能控和/或不能观系统集结成为具有相同输入输出关系且能控能观系统。并利用此结果对互联大系统进行分散能控能观性模型简化,并且给出若干重要理论结果和算法。     

Variable length signal detection framework for cognitive radio systems

The cognitive radio (CR) system opportunistically utilizes the frequency bands temporally unoccupied by the primary user. In the CR system, the energy or cyclostationary detector is used to detect the primary user signal. For protecting the primary user tightly, the signal detection time can be very long, which leads to inefficiency in the CR system. Thus, we propose a novel signal detector that greatly reduces the average detection time. The proposed detector periodically decides whether it terminates the detection process or receives more input signal for more information. Therefore, the proposed detector has variable detection time. We will call the proposed detector the variable length signal detector (VLSD). The VLSD is designed by using a partially observable Markov decision process framework for optimal performance. We present the numerical results showing that the VLSD requires much smaller average detection time compared with the traditional fixed length signal detector to achieve a given detection error probability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the application of minimum principle for solving partially observable risk-sensitive control problems

This paper is concerned with the application of a minimum principle derived for general nonlinear partially observable exponential-of-integral control problems, to solve linear-exponential-quadratic-Gaussian problems. This minimum principle is the stochastic analog of Pontryagin's minimum principle for deterministic systems. It consists of an information state equation, an adjoint process governed by a stochastic partial differential equation with terminal condition, and a Hamiltonian functional. Two methods are employed to obtain the optimal control law. The first method appeals to the well-known approach of completing the squares, by first determining the optimal control law that minimizes the Hamiltonian functional. The second method provides significant insight into relations with the HamiltoniJacobi approach associated with completely observable exponential-of-integral control problems. These methods of solution are particularly attractive because they do not assume a certainty equivalence principle, hence they can be used to solve nonlinear problems as well.     

重型燃气轮机状态能观度分析及其在故障诊断中的应用

不同能观度的测量模型对重型燃气轮机故障诊断精度影响很大,对测量模型的优劣进行定量评价有重要意义。针对现有系统状态能观度分析存在的不足,提出一种新的基于能观矩阵奇异值分解的状态能观度分析方法,该方法在系统状态处于不同数量级时也可以准确计算系统各个状态的能观度。利用提出的能观度分析方法,计算得到了重型燃气轮机在设计工况下各状态的能观度和各测量对各状态能观度的敏感度排序。利用强跟踪滤波器对两种能观度测量模型下重型燃气轮机压气机故障诊断进行仿真,结果验证了文中方法的正确性,该方法可以用于测量模型优劣的定量评价。     

基于神经网络的动态规划检测前跟踪算法

针对低信噪比条件下的目标探测问题,提出基于神经网络的动态规划检测前跟踪算法。首先,从原始观测数据中选择训练样本,对神经网络进行权值训练;然后,全部原始观测数据归为两类,将归入杂波集合的数据幅值置零,将归入目标集合的数据进行幅值缩放,改善后续值函数积累效果;最后,提出一种多目标决策航迹回溯算法,对初步回溯的航迹集合进行二次提取,有效降低了航迹回溯过程中的虚假航迹率。仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于拓扑分割的网络可观测性分析方法

针对电力网络可观测性分析问题,对量测网络建模、网络拓扑可观测性分析理论、不可观测节点的影响范围等方面进行了研究,提出了一种基于拓扑分割的网络可观测性分析方法,在某42节点系统上对该方法进行了测试。该方法将带量测的电力网络建模为量测拓扑单线图,并在无注入量测节点处进行了拓扑分割,将网络分割成了多个连通子网。利用广度优先双向搜索算法对含线路潮流量测的各个子网进行了可观测性分析,在不可观测子网中分析了不可观测节点的影响范围,得到了所有可观测拓扑岛。再结合其结果对仅含注入型量测的子网进行分析,得到了剩余的可观测岛。最后将共有相同无注入量测节点的可观测岛进行了合并。算法在判断可观测性的同时,得到了全网所有的可观测拓扑岛。研究结果表明,该方法正确有效,保持了拓扑算法的快速性特点。     

基于定制遗传算法考虑配电网多种拓扑可观性的PMU优化配置

同步相量测量单元(PMU)可以为配电网提供相量数据以提高可观性。考虑因配电网节点数目多但投资成本少造成的PMU供需不平衡,提出了以固定PMU数目为约束条件的优化配置模型。目标函数在最大化可观性节点数目的前提下,最大化网络量测冗余度。模型中考虑了多种拓扑结构的影响,并通过引入零注入节点、节点注入功率和支路功率等量测数据提高可观性。提出了一种定制遗传算法来求解模型,通过定制交叉和变异操作,保证所有个体为可行解。最后,给出了基于最优方案的PMU配置顺序。通过对IEEE标准节点系统进行仿真计算,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

Maintenance planning using continuous-state partially observable Markov decision processes and non-linear action models

The signs of deterioration in worldwide infrastructure and the associated socio-economic and environmental losses call for sustainable resource management and policy-making. To this end, this work presents an enhanced variant of partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) for the life cycle assessment and maintenance planning of infrastructure. POMDPs comprise a method, commonly employed in the field of robotics, for decision-making on the basis of uncertain observations. In the work presented herein, a continuous-state POMDP formulation is presented which is adapted to the problem of decision-making for optimal management of civil structures. The aforementioned problem may comprise non-linear and non-deterministic action and observation models. The continuous-state POMDP is herein coupled with a normalised unscented transform (NUT) in order to deliver a framework able to tackle non-linearities that likely characterise action models. The capabilities of this enhanced framework and its applicability to the maintenance planning problem are presented via two applications. In a first illustrative example, the use of the NUT is demonstrated within the framework of the value iteration algorithm. Next, the proposed continuous-state framework is compared against a discrete-state formulation for implementation on a life cycle assessment problem.     

距离多假目标干扰下低可观测目标跟踪处理

距离多假目标干扰下,当雷达对低可观测目标进行跟踪时,会遇到虚假航迹较多、真-假目标鉴别难度大、真实目标跟踪不稳定等难题,针对这些问题,本文提出了基于角度量测统计特性差异的真-假目标识别方法与基于等效量测构建的低可观测目标跟踪方法,实现了虚假目标的有效剔除,有效提高了目标跟踪的稳定性,仿真验证了该方法的有效性.