面向决策的一体化建模方法及其在兵力筹划中的应用

在对军事决策问题的主要特点进行分析的基础上，提出从军事概念模型到数学模型再到定性推理模型的一体化建模思想．以空军航空兵遂行直接航空火力支援任务为想定背景，根据EATI模板，利用基于UML的Rose工具依次对想定任务的实体、任务、交互等进行分析；对于兵力筹划中的结构化问题建立了机会约束多目标规划数学模型；对于非结构化问题则构造了推理机，推理机体现了定量与定性相结合的决策分析思想．最后，以一个实例验证文章思路的可行性．     

一种求解有向图最小反馈节点集的搜索算法

反馈节点集问题源于组合电路的设计，在预防计算机操作系统的死锁、VLSI芯片设计、计算机程序证明以及贝叶斯推论等方面部有极其重要的应用。最小反馈节点集问题是一个NP完全问题，很难准确求解。该文在计算流程、图的约减操作以及贪婪函数3个方面对以前求解该问题的贪婪随机适应性搜索算法作了改进。实验表明改进的算法无论在计算结果方面还是在计算稳定性方面都要优于前者，同时还在一定程度上减少了计算时间。     

具有随机化统计检验的聚类分析算法与网络实现

聚类分析是应用最为广泛的数学方法之一，但又被认为是数学上不严格的一类方法。主要原因在于聚类过程及其结果没有统计学标准。本文建立了具有随机化统计检验的聚类分析算法，用于对若干个样品进行有显著性标记的聚类分析。该算法由三部分组成：距离测度计算、随机化检验和系统聚类。在该算法中，有14种距离测度、三种系统聚类方方法及指标加权与否可供选择。样品之间的距离定义为：1-随机化检验的P检验值；两类间的距离若满足P检验标准则合并为同一类是统计上显著的、可接受的，否则就是不显著的、不可接受的。算法的特点是：用随机化方法进行差异显著性检验，使得对多种距离测度可进行严格的统计检验，随机化检验不需统计前提和假设，适用于各种统计问问题；用于差异显著性检验的随机化方法需要随机化数值为正整数值，适用范围过窄，用数值同步移位和平移方法可使之适用于实数域。算法用Java语言网络化实现，包含六个类和一个HTFML文件。可通过网络在多种Java兼容的浏览器上实现算法共享。根据水稻田无脊椎动物多样性的调查数据，本文对该算法进行了对比分析，并讨论了选择距离测度的一些原则和进一步研究的途径等问题。     

随机算法异步并行化的效率分析

随机算法的执行时间具有不确定性,这种不确定性为随机算法的异步并行提供了良好的基础,已有许多计算实验表明了随机算法的异步并行可以达到线性甚至超线性的加速.对于求解SAT问题的随机算法RDP,研究了异步并行效率与运行时间分布和处理器数目之间的关系.应用一种单峰分布──分段线性分布模型来模拟随机算法的运行时间分布.理论分析和计算结果均表明:当处理器数目k较小和单峰位于分布的前部时,随机算法的异步并行具有近线性加速.     

Web Discovery and Filtering Based on Textual Relevance Feedback Learning

We develop a new approach for Web information discovery and filtering. Our system, called WID, allows the user to specify long-term information needs by means of various topic profile specifications. An entire example page or an index page can be accepted as input for the discovery. It makes use of a simulated annealing algorithm to automatically explore new Web pages. Simulated annealing algorithms possess some favorable properties to fulfill the discovery objectives. Information retrieval techniques are adopted to evaluate the content-based relevance of each page being explored. The hyperlink information, in addition to the textual context, is considered in the relevance score evaluation of a Web page. WID allows users to provide three forms of the relevance feedback model, namely, the positive page feedback, the negative page feedback, and the positive keyword feedback. The system is domain independent and does not rely on any prior knowledge or information about the Web content. Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the discovery performance achieved by WID.     

On the Optimality of Randomized Deadlock Avoidance Policies

This paper revisits the problem of selecting an optimal deadlock resolution strategy, when the selection criterion is the maximization of the system throughput, and the system is Markovian in terms of its timing and routing characteristics. This problem was recently addressed in some of our previous work, that (i) provided an analytical formulation for it, (ii) introduced the notion of randomized deadlock avoidance as a generalization of the more traditional approaches of deadlock prevention/avoidance, and detection and recovery, and (iii) provided a methodology for selecting the optimal randomized deadlock avoidance policy for a given resource allocation system (RAS) configuration. An issue that remained open in the problem treatment of that past work, was whether the proposed policy randomization is essential, i.e., whether there exist any RAS configurations for which a randomized deadlock avoidance policy is superior to any other policy that does not employ randomization. The work presented in this paper establishes that for the basic problem formulation where the only concern is the (unconstrained) maximization of the system throughput—or the other typical performance objectives of minimizing the system work-in-process and mean sojourn time—randomization of the deadlock resolution strategy is not essential. However, it is also shown that, sometimes, it can offer an effective mechanism for accommodating additional operational constraints, like the requirement for production according to a specified product mix. Furthermore, the undertaken analysis provides an analytical characterization of the dependence of the aforementioned performance measures on the transition rates relating to the various events of the underlying state space, which can be useful for the broader problem of synthesizing efficient scheduling policies for the considered class of resource allocation systems.     

非线性拟合结合交叉参考的迭代虹膜定位方法

首先利用虹膜边缘数据拟合虹膜的初始形状参数；然后参考拟合误差的大小舍弃随机噪声与边缘毛刺，再进行新的迭代拟合，直到拟合平均误差收敛到设定门限以下；最后利用标准Hough变换进行小范围精确定位，仿真实验结果表明：文中提出的算法的性能优于现有文献报道的虹膜定位算法，稳定性、速度和精度已经达到较高程度。     

基于Arena的车间作业排序问题建模方法及其仿真优化系统设计

针对车间作业排序问题的固有复杂性和目标函数难于解析求解等特点，建立了一个优化与仿真的集成系统框架，并提出了一种新的建模求解思路：首先，以通用仿真工具Arena为平台，提出虚拟抢占规则，实现了车间作业排序问题的仿真建模。然后，以贪婪随机自适应搜索算法为基础，结合高级语言VB，利用面向对象编程思想，通过Arena类库，设计了一个通用的车间作业排序问题的仿真优化系统框架，从而实现了优化和仿真的外部集成。在该框架下，可引入各种随机因素，提高对实际系统的建模与求解能力。最后，通过实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

Influence of inhomogeneous static magnetic field-exposure on patients with erosive gastritis: a randomized,self- and placebo-controlled,double-blind,single centre,pilot study

This pilot study was devoted to the effect of static magnetic field (SMF)-exposure on erosive gastritis. The randomized, self- and placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot study included 16 patients of the 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University diagnosed with erosive gastritis. The instrumental analysis followed a qualitative (pre-intervention) assessment of the symptoms by the patient: lower heartburn (in the ventricle), upper heartburn (in the oesophagus), epigastric pain, regurgitation, bloating and dry cough. Medical diagnosis included a double-line upper panendoscopy followed by 30 min local inhomogeneous SMF-exposure intervention at the lower sternal region over the stomach with peak-to-peak magnetic induction of 3 mT and 30 mT m⁻¹ gradient at the target site. A qualitative (post-intervention) assessment of the same symptoms closed the examination. Sham- or SMF-exposure was used in a double-blind manner. The authors succeeded in justifying the clinically and statistically significant beneficial effect of the SMF- over sham-exposure on the symptoms of erosive gastritis, the average effect of inhibition was 56% by p = 0.001, n = 42 + 96. This pilot study was aimed to encourage gastroenterologists to test local, inhomogeneous SMF-exposure on erosive gastritis patients, so this intervention may become an evidence-based alternative or complementary method in the clinical use especially in cases when conventional therapy options are contraindicated.     

A multiobjective GRASP–VND algorithm to solve the waste collection problem

In this paper, the waste collection problem (WCP) of a city in the south of Spain is addressed as a multiobjective routing problem that considers three objectives. From the company's perspective, the minimization of the travel cost is desired as well as that of the total number of vehicles. Additionally, from the employee's point of view, a set of balanced routes is also sought. Four variants of a multiobjective hybrid algorithm are proposed. Specifically, a GRASP (greedy randomized adaptive search procedure) with a VND (variable neighborhood descent) is combined. The best GRASP–VND algorithm found is applied in order to solve the real‐world WCP of a city in the south of Spain.