机载光电雷达它机试飞技术研究

机载光电雷达受平台及大气环境影响较大,而它机试飞能有效规避研制风险,是产品研制的必经阶段。本文介绍了机载光电雷达它机试飞试验系统组成、试验流程和数据处理等内容。经工程验证,实施过程满足任务需求,对其他光电系统的它机及本机试飞具有参考价值。     

Seismic behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls backfilled with cohesive soil

This study investigates the seismic performance of geosynthetic-reinforced modular block retaining walls backfilled with cohesive, fine grained clay-sand soil mixture. Shaking table tests were performed for three ½ scaled (wall height 190 cm) and ¼ scaled model walls to investigate the effects of backfill type, the influence of reinforcement length and reinforcement stiffness effects. The El Centro and Kobe earthquake records of varying amplitudes were used as base acceleration. Displacement of the front wall, accelerations at different locations, strains on the reinforcements, and the visual observations of the facing and the backfill surface were used to evaluate the seismic performance of model walls. The model walls were subjected to rigorous shaking and the walls did not exhibit any stability problems or signs of impending failure. The maximum deformations observed on the models with cohesive backfill was less than half of the deformation of the sand model. The load transfers between the geogrid and cohesive soil was comparable to that of sand and hence the needed reinforcement length was similar as well. As a result; the model walls with cohesive backfills performed within acceptable limits under seismic loading conditions when compared with granular backfilled counterparts.     

A miniature triaxial apparatus for investigating the micromechanics of granular soils with in situ X-ray micro-tomography scanning

The development of a miniature triaxial apparatus is presented. In conjunction with an X-ray micro-tomography (termed as X-ray μCT hereafter) facility and advanced image processing techniques, this apparatus can be used for in situ investigation of the micro-scale mechanical behavior of granular soils under shear. The apparatus allows for triaxial testing of a miniature dry sample with a size of \mathrm{8}\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{mm}\times \mathrm{16}\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{mm} (diameter \times height). In situ triaxial testing of a 0.4–0.8 mm Leighton Buzzard sand (LBS) under a constant confining pressure of 500 kPa is presented. The evolutions of local porosities (i.e., the porosities of regions associated with individual particles), particle kinematics (i.e., particle translation and particle rotation) of the sample during the shear are quantitatively studied using image processing and analysis techniques. Meanwhile, a novel method is presented to quantify the volumetric strain distribution of the sample based on the results of local porosities and particle tracking. It is found that the sample, with nearly homogenous initial local porosities, starts to exhibit obvious inhomogeneity of local porosities and localization of particle kinematics and volumetric strain around the peak of deviatoric stress. In the post-peak shear stage, large local porosities and volumetric dilation mainly occur in a localized band. The developed triaxial apparatus, in its combined use of X-ray μCT imaging techniques, is a powerful tool to investigate the micro-scale mechanical behavior of granular soils.     

人工砂混凝土性能试验研究

采用正交试验方法配制了不同人工砂取代率、石粉含量、粉煤灰含量的混凝土, 对比了每组混凝土的坍落度, 研究了3 d、28 d龄期混凝土的抗压性能。结果表明: 最优配比的人工砂取代率、石粉含量和粉煤灰含量分别为10%、3%和5%, 此时28 d抗压强度为40.1 MPa, 满足30 MPa的混凝土设计强度。     

The World robot summit disaster robotics category – achievements of the 2018 preliminary competition

The World Robot Summit is a robot Olympics and aims to be held in a different country every four years from 2020. The concept of the Plant Disaster Prevention challenge is daily inspections, checks, and emergency response in industrial plants, and in this competition, robots must carry out these types of missions in a mock-up plant. The concept of the Tunnel Disaster Response and Recovery challenge is emergency response to tunnel disasters, and is a simulation competition whereby teams compete to show their ability to deal with disasters, by collecting information and removing debris. The Standard Disaster Robotics challenge assesses, in the form of a contest, the standard performance levels of a robot that are necessary for disaster prevention and emergency response. The World Robot Summit Preliminary Competition was held at Tokyo Big Sight in October 2018, and 36 teams participated in the Disaster Robotics Category. UGVs and UAVs contended the merits of new technology for solving complex problems, using core technologies such as mobility, sensing, recognition, performing operations, human interface, autonomous intelligence etc., as well as system integration and implementation of strategies for completing missions, gaining high-level results.     

化工冶金学家陈家镛

1958年中国科学院化工冶金研究所(现过程工程研究所)的创建,与建国初期的国家经济发展和国防建设的需求紧密相关。1956年陈家镛受到世界著名冶金学家叶渚沛的邀请,到正在筹建中的化工冶金研究所工作。作为国内该领域开拓者和学术带头人,陈家镛院士的学术经历是本文主线。以他带领同事们开展湿法冶金研究为案例,分析了国家重大战略需求与科学技术研究之间的关系。重点介绍了他在冶金、化工、材料等研究领域做出的重要学术贡献,以及将代表性科研成果经过中间试验应用于实际生产、解决企业所面临的技术难题的情况。藉此反映了以过程工程研究所为代表的国立科研机构,围绕国家重大战略需求开展科技攻坚的历程与成果。     

基于学生群体心理测试系统的设计

心理测试的根本目的是为了让人们在测试过程中，产生某些特定行为，即个体对测试题目的反应，并根据这些行为反应来推论其相应的心理特性。在一定程度上帮助我们了解人类的心理活动，并从中得到帮助。因此，本文对基于学生群体心理测试系统的设计进行深入研究。     

Experimental and numerical analysis of the influence of cable tray arrangements on the resulting mass loss rate and fire spreading

In the context of industrial buildings and power plants, electrical installations and cable trays represent a main fuel load and a potential initial fire source due to possible short circuits or comparable malfunction. Furthermore, a fire can spread from one tray to additional trays mounted above and/or horizontally on one tray. Because of the high significance of cable fires, several research projects have been carried out, investigating the fire behaviour of cables from small‐scale tests, eg, the cone calorimeter, up to large‐scale tests, analysing complete cable tray constructions. The goal of the work presented in this paper is the extension of the knowledge regarding the influence of geometrical parameters like the packing density and tray distance on the burning behaviour and fire spread of cable tray installations. The results are considered, together with test results from the literature, to quantify the main physical parameters describing the burning behaviour. In a next step, the general applicability of these parameters as input data for the parametrization of the source term of numerical simulations is shown. The test results show that the burning behaviour and the fire spreading highly depend on the cable arrangement of the cables on the cable tray, in combination with other boundary conditions. By applying the results as input for a fire simulation, the mass loss rate is considered appropriately.     

一种汽车顶盖抗雪压动态仿真分析方法

目前顶盖雪压静态仿真分析方法的雪压计算值与测试值存在偏差,并且不能反映顶盖实际变形的位置和整体变形模式。为改进静态仿真分析方法,提出一种非线性显式计算的动态仿真分析方法,并以某乘用车为例,通过试验验证了其可靠性及有效性,为顶盖的研发设计提供了参考。     

基于密闭爆发器试验的发射装药内弹道性能预估

为了预估发射装药的内弹道性能,建立了一种基于密闭爆发器试验检测发射药的静态燃烧性能参数进而预测其装药内弹道性能的方法,采用不同批次的单樟-5/7发射药进行了装药性能预估计算,并基于30 mm火炮对内弹道性能预估精度进行了试验验证。结果表明,采用所建立的基于密闭爆发器试验的发射装药内弹道性能预估方法计算获得的最大膛压为376.0 MPa,与试验测试的膛压平均值388.7 MPa的计算误差为3.27%;计算的炮口初速为1143.5 m/s,与试验测试的炮口初速平均值1156.3 m/s的计算误差为1.11%。所建立的基于密闭爆发器试验的发射装药内弹道性能预估方法具有较高的精度,可对发射药样品不同批次间的内弹道性能进行高效精确的预估,为长期贮存发射药使用寿命的判定及发射药产品的出厂校验提供了一种高效低成本的弹道性能评价方法。