A parallel direct solver for the self-adaptive hp Finite Element Method

In this paper we present a new parallel multi-frontal direct solver, dedicated for the hp Finite Element Method (hp-FEM). The self-adaptive hp-FEM generates in a fully automatic mode, a sequence of hp-meshes delivering exponential convergence of the error with respect to the number of degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) as well as the CPU time, by performing a sequence of hp refinements starting from an arbitrary initial mesh. The solver constructs an initial elimination tree for an arbitrary initial mesh, and expands the elimination tree each time the mesh is refined. This allows us to keep track of the order of elimination for the solver. The solver also minimizes the memory usage, by de-allocating partial LU factorizations computed during the elimination stage of the solver, and recomputes them for the backward substitution stage, by utilizing only about 10% of the computational time necessary for the original computations. The solver has been tested on 3D Direct Current (DC) borehole resistivity measurement simulations problems. We measure the execution time and memory usage of the solver over a large regular mesh with 1.5 million degrees of freedom as well as on the highly non-regular mesh, generated by the self-adaptive hp$hp$-FEM, with finite elements of various sizes and polynomial orders of approximation varying from p=1$p=1$ to p=9$p=9$. From the presented experiments it follows that the parallel solver scales well up to the maximum number of utilized processors. The limit for the solver scalability is the maximum sequential part of the algorithm: the computations of the partial LU factorizations over the longest path, coming from the root of the elimination tree down to the deepest leaf.     

AD0809与微机直接互连采样分析

在单片机外围扩展中,模拟至数字转换器（ADC）常用的标准电路在采样芯片和单片机之间需要多个元件对信号进行转换,虽然精度很高,但结构复杂,成本较高。该文对某些特定条件下用单片机进行ADC采样的方法进行了初步的探索,利用单片机直接与ADC0809进行连接,通过单片机l产生各种时钟和控制信号来完成ADC采样,简化了采样的线路。对比了该电路与传统电路的差别,并讨论了该采样方法的使用条件和应用参数。     

大功率LED智能化照明控制系统设计

在绿色照明领域,既要体现节能,又要具备较高的光效,大功率LED驱动设计显得越来越重要。针对大功率LED的特性,研究设计了适用于不同参数指标的白光LED的驱动与控制系统。该系统以单片机C8051F040为核心,结合外围电路,用数字控制技术代替模拟电路控制,对大功率LED的恒流驱动电流进行高精度控制,以及对LED亮度进行自动调节控制,实现了多种大功率LED智能化照明。     

High‐efficiency red‐phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode with the organic structure of 2‐TNATA/Bebq2:SFC‐411/SFC‐137

Abstract— High‐efficiency and simple‐structured red‐emitting phosphorescent devices based on the hole‐injection layer of 4,4′,4″‐tris(2‐naphthylphenyl‐phenylamino)‐triphenylamine [2‐TNATA] and the emissive layer of bis(10‐hydroxybenzo[h] quinolinato)beryllium complex [Bebq²] doped with SFC‐411 (proprietary red phosphorescent dye) have been researched. The fabricated devices are divided into three types depending on whether or not the hole‐transport layer of N,N′‐bis(1 ‐naphthyl)‐N, N'‐diphenyl‐1,1′‐biphenyl‐4,4′‐diamine [NPB] or the electron‐transport layer of SFC‐137 (proprietary electron transporting material) is included. Among the experimental devices, the best electroluminescent characteristics were obtained for the device with an emission structure of 2‐TNATA/Bebq²:SFC‐411/SFC‐137. In this device, current density and luminance were found to be 200 mA/cm² and 15,000 cd/m² at an applied voltage of 7 V, respectively. Current efficiencies were 15 and 11.6 cd/A under a luminance of 500 and 5000 cd/m². The peak wavelength in the electroluminescent spectral distribution and color coordinates on the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) chart were 628 nm and (0.67, 0.33), respectively.     

Highly efficient switched‐mode transmitter using a current mode class‐D RF amplifier

This article presents a switched‐mode transmitter architecture using a current mode class‐D (CMCD) amplifier. To achieve high average efficiency for a modulated signal the envelope of the complex baseband signal is transformed into pulses such that the CMCD amplifier is operated either at its peak efficiency or completely switched off. The CMCD amplifier has been designed based on single‐tone active harmonic load‐pull measurements to achieve a power‐added efficiency (PAE) of 61.5% with 25 W output power at 900 MHz using LDMOS FETs. Removing the losses of the demodulation filter and of the amplifier a 10% higher efficiency than in an ideal class‐B amplifier can be obtained for burst‐mode operation with a peak‐to‐average power ratio of 10 dB. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2010.     

A current‐mode tunable low‐supply‐voltage ring oscillator

A new circuit topology using a current‐mode low‐pass filter for sinusoids has been presented. The technique is relatively simple, in the proposed circuit, only three identical current‐mode low‐pass filters are connected to each other to realize the small signal path. No external passive components are required except for three capacitors. When compared with LC oscillators, the die area of this work, without inductors, is much smaller. When compared with voltage‐mode ring oscillators, the supply voltage of this work is much lower. As a particular example, a 2.4 GHz, 1.2‐V power supply, 5‐mW sinusoidal oscillator is demonstrated. The oscillation frequency is tuned by the value of that three capacitors, over ～900 MHz, and the tuning range is 37.5%. The phase noise results in ?94 and ?120 dBc/Hz at 1 and 10 MHz from the carrier, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2010.     

A novel fuzzy direct torque control system for three-level inverter-fed induction machine

Diode clamped multi-level inverter (DCMLI) has a wide application prospect in high-voltage and adjustable speed drive systems due to its low stress on switching devices, low harmonic output, and simple structure. However, the problem of complexity of selecting vectors and capacitor voltage unbalance needs to be solved when the algorithm of direct torque control (DTC) is implemented on DCMLI. In this paper, a fuzzy DTC system of an induction machine fed by a three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter is proposed. After introducing fuzzy logic, optimal selecting switching state is realized by applying various strategies which can distinguish the grade of the errors of stator flux linkage, torque, the neutral-point potential, and the position of stator flux linkage. Consequently, the neutral-point potential unbalance, the dv/dt of output voltage and the switching loss are restrained effectively, and desirable dynamic and steady-state performances of induction machines can be obtained for the DTC scheme. A design method of the fuzzy controller is introduced in detail, and the relevant simulation and experimental results have verified the feasibility of the proposed control algorithm.     

Correlation of direct piezoelectric effect on EAPap under ambient factors

Direct piezoelectricity of electro-active papers(EAPap)is analysed in this paper. The test setups for direct effect are designed and determined. Different ambient factors impacting the piezoelectricity of EAPap, such as temperature, humidity, and strain rate, are applied and analyzed. Strong piezoelectricity of EAPap is found on the basis of the test results and in comparison with polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)and lead zirconate titanate(PZT)-5H. The maximum piezoelectric constant is achieved to be 504 pC/N. The reason of strong piezoelectricity of EAPap is discussed in this paper. The potential of EAPap as a biomimetic actuator and sensor is also investigated.     

Simultaneous algorithm for trajectory planning

This paper addresses the solution of smooth trajectory planning for industrial robots in environments with obstacles using a direct method, creating the trajectory gradually as the robot moves. The presented method deals with the uncertainties associated with the lack of knowledge of kinematic properties of intermediate via‐points since they are generated as the algorithm evolves looking for the solution. Several cost functions are also proposed, which use the time that has been calculated to guide the robot motion. The method has been applied successfully to a PUMA 560 robot and four operational parameters (execution time, computational time, distance travelled and number of configurations) have been computed to study the properties and influence of each cost function on the trajectory obtained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

一种改进的小波算法在矿井漏电保护系统选线中的应用

分析了目前常见的用于矿井漏电保护系统的各种选线理论的优缺点;针对基于小波算法的矿井漏电故障暂态信号选线方法中存在的暂态信号不易捕捉、实时检测较困难的问题,提出了一种基于自适应滤波器技术的改进型小波算法。该改进型算法可有效滤除干扰噪声,轻松获取故障线路零序电流的有用信息。仿真实验结果验证了该算法的有效性。