采用奇异摄动裕度的三回路自动驾驶仪设计

针对传统三回路自动驾驶仪在工程应用中对开环穿越频率约束不足的问题,设计了一种使用 奇异摄动裕度的三回路自动驾驶仪方法。该方法将奇异摄动裕度信息引入三回路自动驾驶仪中,对自动驾驶仪进行开环穿越频率极点设计和预测校正,使三回路自动驾驶仪能够有效地对开环穿越频率进行约束,不再依赖于控制系统的闭环自振频率,同时计算得到的奇异摄动值可有效地反映控制系统性能。试验结果分析证明,采用奇异摄动裕度的三回路自动驾驶仪克服了传统设计方法的缺点,对产生的干扰能够有效快速地进行抑制,并能通过奇异摄动值准确地反映控制系统工作效果。     

Systematic approach for modeling methanol mass transport on the anode side of direct methanol fuel cells

A systematic method for modeling direct methanol fuel cells, with a focus on the anode side of the system, is advanced for the purpose of quantifying the methanol crossover phenomenon and predicting the concentration of methanol in the anode catalyst layer of a direct methanol fuel cell. The model accounts for fundamental mass transfer phenomena at steady state, including convective transport in the anode flow channel, as well as diffusion and electro-osmotic drag transport across the polymer electrolyte membrane. Experimental measurements of methanol crossover current density are used to identify five modeling parameters according to a systematic parameter estimation methodology. A validation study shows that the model matches the experimental data well, and the usefulness of the model is illustrated through the analysis of effects such as the choice fuel flow rate in the anode flow channel and the presence of carbon-dioxide bubbles.     

A hybrid approach based on an improved gravitational search algorithm and orthogonal crossover for optimal shape design of concrete gravity dams

A hybrid approach based on an improved gravitational search algorithm (IGSA) and orthogonal crossover (OC) is proposed to efficiently find the optimal shape of concrete gravity dams. The proposed hybrid approach is called IGSA-OC. The hybrid of IGSA and the OC operator can improve the global exploration ability of the IGSA method, and increase its convergence rate. To find the optimal shape of concrete gravity dams, the interaction effects of dam–water–foundation rock subjected to earthquake loading are considered in this study. The computational cost of the optimal shape of concrete gravity dams subjected earthquake loads is usually high. Due to this problem, the weighted least squares support vector machine (WLS-SVM) regression as an efficient metamodel is utilized to considerably predict dynamic responses of gravity dams by spending low computational cost. To testify the robustness and efficiency of the proposed IGSA-OC, first, four well-known benchmark functions in literatures are optimized using the proposed IGSA-OC, and provides comparisons with the standard gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and the other modified GSA methods. Then, the optimal shape of concrete gravity dams is found using IGSA-OC. The solutions obtained by the IGSA-OC are compared with those of the standard GSA, IGSA and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed IGSA-OC significantly outperforms the standard GSA, IGSA and PSO.     

A general approach for estimating scale score reliability for panel survey data.

Scale score measures are ubiquitous in the psychological literature and can be used as both dependent and independent variables in data analysis. Poor reliability of scale score measures leads to inflated standard errors and/or biased estimates, particularly in multivariate analysis. Reliability estimation is usually an integral step to assess data quality in the analysis of scale score data. Cronbach’s α is a widely used indicator of reliability but, due to its rather strong assumptions, can be a poor estimator (L. J. Cronbach, 1951). For longitudinal data, an alternative approach is the simplex method; however, it too requires assumptions that may not hold in practice. One effective approach is an alternative estimator of reliability that relaxes the assumptions of both Cronbach’s α and the simplex estimator and thus generalizes both estimators. Using data from a large-scale panel survey, the benefits of the statistical properties of this estimator are investigated, and its use is illustrated and compared with the more traditional estimators of reliability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

极紫外啁啾多层膜反射镜的拟合分析

设计并制备了极紫外啁啾多层膜反射镜,利用同步辐射反射率测试装置完成了样品反射率的测试,采用单纯形算法拟合了反射率测试曲线,分析了顶层Si的氧化对拟合结果的影响.拟合结果表明,2块样品的Si-on-Mo粗糙度为0.4 nm和0.5 nm,Mo-on-Si粗糙度为0.8 nm和0.9 nm,顶层Si的氧化是影响极紫外啁啾多层膜反射镜反射率的重要因素.     

Hybrid Fuzzy-particle Swarm Optimization-simplex (F-PSO-S) Algorithm for Optimum Design of PM Drive Couplings

This paper aimed at exploring the use of the proposed hybrid Fuzzy-Particle Swarm Optimization-Simplex (F-PSO-S) algorithm to optimize the structural design of PM couplings subject to several key design constraints. The new proposed hybrid optimization algorithm is constructed based on combining three well-known techniques: fuzzy logic (FL), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and simplex method (SM). FL is used to aggregate different scaling and/or conflicting objectives in one objective function using fuzzy combination operators. On the other hand, the PSO has obvious capabilities in global search whereas the SM has exceptional advantages in local search. As a hybrid algorithm, the F-PSO-S has the outstanding feature of combining the ability of global searching and local canvassing for different scales and/or conflicting objective functions. The proposed algorithm has been applied to permanent magnet (PM) drive couplings. A standard coupling design is used as a good initial point for the conventional SM and to define the performance constraints for the proposed optimization technique. New coupling designs are developed and optimized to show the superior capabilities of the F-PSO-S algorithm as a global optimization technique. The sensitivity analysis is also performed to identify the effects of different design parameters on the coupling performance.     

A crossover‐UNIQUAC model for critical and noncritical LLE calculations

A new model, named the crossover‐UNIQUAC model, has been proposed based on the crossover procedure for predicting constant‐pressure liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE). In this manner, critical fluctuations were incorporated into the classical UNIQUAC equation. Coexistence curves were estimated for systems having a diverse range of asymmetries. These systems included the LLE of five different mixtures, composed of nitrobenzene with one of the members of the alkane homologous family (either pentane, octane, decane, dodecane, or tetradecane), as well as an extra system having a different chemical nature, namely the mixture of n‐perfluorohexane and hexane, to further check the validity of the proposed approach. Using these nonideal mixtures, the validity of the new model was investigated within wide ranges, covering near‐critical to regions falling far away from the critical point. The graphical trends, as well as the quantitative comparison with experimental data indicated the good agreement of the proposed model results with the experimental data. A maximum AARD% value of 3.97% was obtained in calculating molar compositions by the proposed model for such challenging systems covering noncritical, as well as critical regions. In addition, to show the strength of the proposed crossover approach to describe properties other than LLE, molar heat capacities were investigated for the system of nitrobenzene + dodecane. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3094–3103, 2015     

DNA Antenna Tile‐Associated Deoxyribozyme Sensor with Improved Sensitivity

Some natural enzymes increase the rate of diffusion‐limited reactions by facilitating substrate flow to their active sites. Inspired by this natural phenomenon, we developed a strategy for efficient substrate delivery to a deoxyribozyme (DZ) catalytic sensor. This resulted in a three‐ to fourfold increase in sensitivity and up to a ninefold improvement in the detection limit. The reported strategy can be used to enhance catalytic efficiency of diffusion‐limited enzymes and to improve sensitivity of enzyme‐based biosensors.     

基于单纯形优化算法的圆度误差检测技术研究

最小二乘法圆度误差评定过程中,采用非线性方程组寻找最优圆心及半径较难。若简化成线性方程组,则对测量点有严格的限制要求,而较多零件又无法满足这些限制要求。针对这些难题,提出采用单纯形优化算法评定圆度误差。该方法可满足快速处理测量数据、精确评定误差的需求,对测量点无任何限制要求。实验证明,该方法简单易操作,误差评定精度较最小二乘法、区域搜索等方法有一定提高。已用于实际工件测量,对后续测量有较强的指导意义。     

基于局部路径重连的多星测控调度遗传交叉算子

为提高多星测控调度问题简单遗传算法的搜索精度,设计一种基于局部分层路径搜索的交叉算子(local layering path-relinking crossover operator,LLPRCO)。分析多星测控调度问题的遗传算法编码特点,得出解空间的复杂性和基因间较弱的相关性。借鉴路径重连的思想,利用构成初始解和引导解要素的差异性,构建从初始解出发的分层搜索邻域,将邻域中满足模型约束的解作为交叉的结果,并创建2个仿真场景进行验证。仿真结果表明,该交叉算子与具备一定随机特性的交叉算子混合使用能明显提高遗传算法对问题的求解性能。