MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THROUGH-HOLE-PLATING IN ELECTROCHEMICAL MICROFABRICATION II. AXISYMMETRIC TWO-DIMENSIONAL CONVECTIVE MASS TRANSFER

Axisymmetrical, two dimensional mass transfer in a tube and a through-hole was studied. The elliptic convective-diffusion equation was solved numerically by taking into account both the axial and radial diffusion in the entrance region of an infinite tube. The whole mass-transfer region in a tube of finite length was also studied by dividing the domain into several regions according to different mass-transfer mechanisms. A similar analysis is then conducted for a through-hole geometry by assuming a modified Hagen-Poiseuille fluid pattern. Results show that mass-transfer rate in a through-hole is larger than that in a tube by approximately 10%. This is due primarily to faster fluid flow within the concentration boundary layer in a through-hole.     

Transport property measurements in sheared granular flows

Experiments were performed in a shear cell device under four different solid fractions. The glass spheres with a mean diameter of 3 mm were used as granular materials. The motions of the granular materials were recorded by a high-speed camera. By using image processing technology and a particle tracking method, the average and fluctuation velocities in the streamwise and the transverse directions could be successfully measured and analyzed. Three bi-directional stress gages were used to measure the normal and shear stresses along the upper boundary. The effective viscosity of the granular material flow can be calculated. By tracking the movements of particles continually, the curves of the mean-square diffusive displacements versus time were plotted and were used to determine the self-diffusion coefficients from the slopes of the curves. The fluctuations and the self-diffusion coefficients in the streamwise direction were much higher than those in the transverse direction. The fluctuations were found to increase with the solid fraction, but the diffusion coefficients were greater in a more dilute flow system.     

边界单元法在聚合物加工研究中的应用

将边界单元法引入聚合物加工过程粘性流场的数值计算中，并与其它数值计算方法进行了比较。结果表明边界单元具有计算量少，计算精度高等优点，便于推广应用，以挤出机排气段熔体输送流场求解为例，说明了边界单元法的实际应用。     

透明管内的喷射升膜蒸发

<正>在化工、食品和制药工业中经常遇到热敏性物料的浓缩问题。液膜式蒸发器属于一次通过式蒸发器,其停留时间足够短,可减压操作,适用于热敏性物料的浓缩。液膜式蒸发器分升膜、降膜和升降膜式,升膜和升降膜蒸发器的升膜部分的输送动力通常用料液泵。郭雪岩等为蒸发浓缩小处理量的热敏性物料而开发了一种新型蒸发器,其升膜的输送动力用蒸气喷射,尽管前人对绝热两相流和垂直管内的流动沸腾进行了大量的研究,对这种特殊的流动沸腾的研究仍是必要的。文献[2]对蒸气加热的恒壁温条件下的蒸气喷射升液的升膜蒸发进行了实验研究和理论分析。本文的喷射升膜蒸发实验研究是在透明的石英管内,在恒热通量下进行,在石英玻璃管外壁镀一层极薄的透明导电膜,这既可以电加热又不影响观察管内的流动现象。本研究包括对蒸气喷射升膜流动状态的观测和恒热通量条件下喷射蒸发传热的实验研究。     

旋风分离器两相流研究综述

综述了旋风分离器内部流场、颗粒运动和数值计算模型的理论研究发展历程。     

Flow Regime Maps for Flow of Liquid Through Downcomer in a Turbulent Bed Contactor

The provision of a downcomer to classical turbulent bed Contactor (TBC) increases the gas treating capacity of the equipment. When the downcomer is provided, it is expected that all the liquid passes through the downcomer only without any liquid flow through the distributor. In the present study, the operational regime for the flow of liquid only through the downcomer is experimentally evaluated for various geometric parameters and particle characteristics. It is observed that the preferred operational regime without dumping and weeping increases with an increase in Archimedes number and downcomer diameter, and decreases with an increase in static bed height and downcomer weir height. Correlations are proposed to satisfactorily predict experimentally observed operational regime.     

三峡水库蓄水后重庆河段冲淤特性研究

三峡水库蓄水对重庆河段冲淤影响的研究具有重要的科学价值和应用前景。根据水沙连续原理和重庆河段输沙特点,考虑嘉陵江汇流和水沙变化特征,导出了重庆河段泥沙淤积比的公式,分析了不同时期河段冲淤变化特点,论证了重庆河段淤积比与嘉陵江汇流比和寸滩站流量有重要关系。三峡水库蓄水初期重庆河段冲淤特点与蓄水前基本一致,具有汛期淤积、非汛期冲刷的特点。试验性蓄水以来河段冲淤特性发生变化,汛后蓄水期和汛前消落期河段有冲有淤,总体发生淤积。汛期河道有冲有淤,淤积有所减轻,甚至发生冲刷。河道采砂对重庆主城区河段冲淤产生重要影响。     

侧向水流作用下均匀沙休止角变化的试验研究

散体沙动水休止角是表征沙丘、沙洲等散体沙堆积体稳定形态的重要特征参数,在岸坡稳定分析、坝前冲刷漏斗形态研究中有着广泛的应用。采用室内试验的方法研究了侧向水流作用下不同粒径天然均匀散体沙水下休止角的变化规律。结果表明:在水流流速超过泥沙颗粒起动流速后,天然散体沙水下休止角随流速增大而减小,且减小的速度随着流速的进一步增加而更加迅速;相同流速条件下,粗颗粒泥沙的水下休止角大于细颗粒,其对流速变化的敏感度也低于细颗粒。基于侧向水流边坡上泥沙颗粒的受力分析,引入相对流速概念,初步建立了侧向水流作用下均匀散体沙动水休止角计算公式及其简化形式。     

云南蒋家沟黏性泥石流输沙的涨落特征

间歇性阵流是山区小流域发生的黏性泥石流活动的基本形式,其输沙特性表现出一定的间歇性和涨落特性,其涨落可达均值的2~4个数量级。利用Hurst指数分析了蒋家沟近50年的数千阵泥石流观测资料,发现间歇性阵流的流量、径流量、输沙量序列的Hurst指数均大于0.5,说明序列具有一定程度的长程关联性。同时,对比阵流序列与洪峰序列,发现泥石流阵流的长程关联性强于洪峰序列。另一方面,输沙量的累积百分比均满足统一的指数分布形式:P(S)=CS~(-μ)exp(-S/S_c),其中μ越大意味着序列中输沙量较小的阵次越多;S_c表示的是阵流输沙的涨落情况,即S_c越大,阵流输沙的涨落越大。     

基于DWSM的流域水沙模拟计算系统的构建与应用

采用模块化开发方法构建基于分布式水文模型DWSM的流域水沙模拟计算系统,用以研究宁夏和内蒙黄河段(下河沿至头道拐)流域的产流产沙情况及水沙输移规律。该系统主要针对黄河上游宁蒙河段及其相关流域,借助DWSM模型在流域计算模拟方面的优点,系统集成数据库模块、河网提取模块、DWSM伺服模块、DWSM模型模块以及水文成果对比与显示模块等主要功能模块并调节计算参数。在介绍系统框架结构、模型原理和计算流程的基础上,采用宁蒙河段的实测资料对其进行应用验证。计算分析结果表明,所构建的宁蒙黄河流域水沙模拟计算系统在该区域具有较好的适用性。