Optimal Conditions for Preparing Ultra-Fine CeO2 Powders in A Submerged Circulative Impinging Stream Reactor

Cerium carbonate powders were produced in a submerged circulation impinging stream reactor (SCISR) from Ce(NO3)3·6H2O. NH4HCO3 was used as a precipitant in the reaction. Cerium carbonate powders were roasted to produce ultra-fine cerium dioxide (CeO2) powders. The optimal conditions of such production process were obtained by orthogonal and one-factor experiments. The results showed that ultra-fine and narrowly distributed cerium carbonate powders were produced under the optimal flowing conditions. The concentrations of Ce(NO3)3 and NH4HCO3 solutions were 0.25 and 0.3 mol·L-1, respectively. The concentration of PEG4000 added in these two solutions was 4 g·L-1. The stirring ratio, reaction temperature, feeding time, solution pH, reaction time and digestion time were 900 r·min-1, 80 ℃, 20 min, 5～6, 5 min and 1 h, respectively. The final product, CeO2 powders, was obtained by roasting the produced cerium carbonate in air for 3 h at 500 ℃. The finally produced CeO2 powders were torispherical particles with a narrow size distribution of 0.8～2.5 μm. The crystal structure of CeO2 powders belonged to cubic crystal system and its space point group was O5H-FM3M. Under optimal conditions, powders produced by SCISR were finer and more narrowly distributed than that by Stirred Tank Reactor (STR).     

MetateM: An introduction

In this paper a methodology for the use of temporal logic as an executable imperative language is introduced. The approach, which provides a concrete framework, calledMetateM, for executing temporal formulae, is motivated and illustrated through examples. In addition, this introduction provides references to further, more detailed, work relating to theMetateM approach to executable logics.     

A translator system for the MATLAB language

A whole‐program MATLAB to C translation system is presented. The paper outlines the motivation for the problem, discusses the system's architecture, its features and limitations. The translator's operation is explained using an example input program. Details are given on how the system implements and specializes some of the language's built‐in primitives. Finally, the paper reports measurements evaluating the execution time and memory usage of the translated sources, and the compilation time required for the translations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Automated Support for Building and Extending Expert Models

Building a knowledge-based system is like developing a scientific theory. Although a knowledge base does not constitute a theory of some natural phenomenon, it does represent a theory of how a class of professionals approaches an application task. As when scientists develop a natural theory, builders of expert systems first must formulate a model of the behavior that they wish to understand and then must corroborate and extend that model with the aid of specific examples. Thus there are two interrelated phases of knowledge-base construction: (1) model building and (2) model extension. Computer-based tools can assist developers with both phases of the knowledge-acquisition process. Workers in the area of knowledge acquisition have developed computer-based tools that emphasize either the building of new models or the extension of existing models. The PROTÉGÉ knowledge-acquisition system addresses these two activities individually and facilitates the construction of expert systems when the same general model can be applied to a variety of application tasks.     

Some Notes on the Formal Properties of Bidirectional Optimality Theory

In this paper, we discuss some formal properties of the model ofbidirectional Optimality Theory that was developed inBlutner (2000). We investigate the conditions under whichbidirectional optimization is a well-defined notion, and we give aconceptually simpler reformulation of Blutner's definition. In thesecond part of the paper, we show that bidirectional optimization can bemodeled by means of finite state techniques. There we rely heavily onthe related work of Frank and Satta (1998) about unidirectionaloptimization.     

Using formalized temporal message-flow diagrams

Temporal message-flow diagrams (TMFDs), alternatively called sequence charts, interaction diagrams, event traces, or actor diagrams, are illustrations of a system's global message-passing activity over time, and a pictorial aid to understanding the system's behavior. They are widely used for requirements and documentation for network protocols and object-oriented applications. We present a general formalism for TMFDs, describe a suite of tools we have designed that employs this formalism, and present our experiences with these tools. The formalism and tools described serve to support and broaden the use of TMFDs in developing communicating systems.     

An institution theory of formal meta-modelling in graphically extended BNF

Meta-modelling plays an important role in model driven software development.In this paper,a graphic extension of BNF (GEBNF) is proposed to define the abstract syntax of graphic modelling languages.Fro...     

MPtostream:an OpenMP compiler for CPU-GPU heterogeneous parallel systems

In light of GPUs’ powerful floating-point operation capacity,heterogeneous parallel systems incorporating general purpose CPUs and GPUs have become a highlight in the research field of high performance computing(HPC).However,due to the complexity of programming on GPUs,porting a large number of existing scientific computing applications to the heterogeneous parallel systems remains a big challenge.The OpenMP programming interface is widely adopted on multi-core CPUs in the field of scientific computing.To effectively inherit existing OpenMP applications and reduce the transplant cost,we extend OpenMP with a group of compiler directives,which explicitly divide tasks among the CPU and the GPU,and map time-consuming computing fragments to run on the GPU,thus dramatically simplifying the transplantation.We have designed and implemented MPtoStream,a compiler of the extended OpenMP for AMD’s stream processing GPUs.Our experimental results show that programming with the extended directives deviates from programming with OpenMP by less than 11% modification and achieves significant speedup ranging from 3.1 to 17.3 on a heterogeneous system,incorporating an Intel Xeon E5405 CPU and an AMD FireStream 9250 GPU,over the execution on the Xeon CPU alone.     

河道生态基流生态经济价值及其时间变化研究

为了解决普遍采用单方水资源价值计算河道生态基流价值的缺陷,以及探索河道生态基流价值定量化计算新方法,采用水力学方法将河道生态基流从径流量中分离出来,并确定河道生态基流对应水面面积,进而采用当量因子法计算河道生态基流价值和并探索分析了河道生态基流价值的时间变化特征。以渭河干流宝鸡段为例进行研究,结果表明:渭河干流宝鸡段的丰水年、平水年以及枯水年的年平均河道生态基流量分别为5.82 m~3/s、3.59 m~3/s和2.76 m~3/s。近21 a来,该段河道生态基流价值在时间上总体呈下降趋势,该价值多年平均值为5.61亿元,单方河道生态基流价值为6.27元/m~3,单方价值与价值总量变化趋势相反。河道生态基流价值年内变化具有明显的周期性,总体呈倒"V"字型,汛期河道生态基流价值比非汛期大,单方河道生态基流价值与之相反。通过相同区域以及相近区域的河道生态基流价值研究成果以及价值变化特征的对比分析,证明研究成果较为合理。该方法可为河道生态基流合理保障提供定量化依据。