CCFW的一种新型张力控制方法研究

通过一个实例介绍了计算机控制缠绕机（CCFW）的一种缠绕纤维的张力控制方法，着重分析了其技术要求与难点，并给出了最终的实现方法。这种方法对于造纸，纺织工业设备及其他缠绕设备的张力控制都极具参考价值。     

规整填料塔精馏的Marangoni效应

选用 6种代表性物系对陶瓷板波纹和不锈钢丝网规整填料进行全回流精馏实验 ,考察Marangoni效应对规整填料液体流动分布及传质的影响 .结果表明 :对纯有机体系 ,Marangoni效应影响较小 ;而对有机物的水溶液 ,Marangoni效应严重影响着填料的润湿和传质效率     

On the Predominant Electron-Donicity of Polar Solid Surfaces

The reasons for the predominant electron-donicity of almost all solid polar surfaces and its implications are discussed in this paper. By contact angle or interfacial tension measurements, the electron-accepting as well as the electron-donating properties of polar liquids can be ascertained, through the interplay between their energies of adhesion and cohesion. For the solid-liquid interface, direct interfacial tension measurements are not possible, but indirectly, solid/liquid interfacial tensions of polar systems can be obtained by contact angle measurement. However, as the energy of cohesion of a solid does not influence the contact angle formed by a liquid drop placed upon its surface, one can only measure the solid surface'ks residual polar property, manifested by the energy of adhesion between solid and liquid. This residual polar property is of necessity the dominant component; in most cases this turns out to be its electron donicity. When, by means of contact angle measurements with polar liquids, both electron-accepting and electron-donating potentials are found on a polar solid, it is most likely still partly covered with a polar liquid: usually water. The amount of residual water of hydration of a polar solid follows from its polar (Lewis acid-base) surface tension component (γ^AB). The degree of orientation of the residual water of hydration on a polar solid can be expressed by the ratio of the electron-donating to electron-accepting potentials (γ^⊖/γ^⊕), measured on the hydrated surface.     

硅灰石在高压电瓷中的应用研究

首次利用龙江县硅灰石研制出了高压电瓷 ,并测试了其晶相组成和性能。实验结果表明 :硅灰石可以用于生产高压电瓷 ,且硅灰石的加入量为 5 0 %左右时 ,高压电瓷的性能较佳     

Influence of the pH of Water on its Electron-Accepticity and Donicity

By means of contact angle measurements on dry layers of electrostatically neutral dextran with pure water (pH 6.1), water acidified with HCl (to pH 1.94) and water made alkaline with NaOH (to pH 12.8), it could be shown that there was essentially no change as a function of pH in the ratio of γ⁺/γ^- of water as compared with the aqueous acid and alkaline solutions. (Here γ⁺ is the Lewis acid parameter of the polar surface tension component of water and γ^- is its Lewis base parameter). In contrast, with contact angles measured with the same liquids on negatively charged clean glass, a significant decrease in contact angle was observed with water at pH 12.8, which was caused by the fact that at this alkaline pH an increase in surface hydrophilicity took place. This is because surfaces that have a given surface electrical potential at neutral pH generally acquire an even higher surface potential under more alkaline conditions which, concomitantly, also gives rise to an increase in surface hydrophilicity, and thus to lower contact angles with water. Finally, contact angles with acid water, pure water, and alkaline water, deposited on hydrophobic Parafilm surfaces, were exactly the same.     

A PRACTICAL METHOD FOR RECTIFYING INTERFACIAL TENSION DATA TO PREDICT THE SHAPE OF INTERFACES IN AN IMMISCIBLE LIQUID/LIQUID/GAS SYSTEM

The shape of interfaces formed by the contact of two liquid phases, immiscible with each other, and a gaseous phase can be predicted on the condition that the tension to work at each interface is known with a sufficient accuracy. In general, interfacial tension data available are not so accurate, however, as to be useful as they are in predicting the shape of interfaces, particularly when the spreading coefficient of either liquid (liquid 1) on the other (liquid 2) has a negative value of a small magnitude. Presented in this note is a simple method to rectify the interfacial tension data, with the aid of a measurement of the radius of a lens of liquid 1 of a known volume placed on the horizontal surface of liquid 2, and thereby make them usable for predicting interfacial geometries. The method is tested by applying it to benzene/water and n-pentane/water systems.     

Optimization of the hot alkali treatment of polyester/cotton fabric with sodium hydrosulfite

The treatment of cotton or polyester fabric in alkali media is a common modification process for producing a fabric with desirable qualities. Alkali treatment of polyester/cotton fabric could produce a fabric with better performance. In this research, polyester/cotton fabric was treated with NaOH at different temperatures and times. The results show that alkali treatment at the optimum temperature and time with NaOH could hydrolyze the polyester fiber surface and remove some of the impurities from the cotton fiber at the same time and may also improve some of the fabric properties, such as fabric regain, water drop absorbency, and fabric pilling. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100:5049–5055, 2006     

Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in acid chloride solution using ethoxylated fatty alkyl amine surfactants

Four novel non-ionic ethoxylated fatty alkyl amine surfactants (I–IV) were synthesised and investigated as corrosion inhibitors of carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution using gravimetric, open circuit potential and potentiostatic polarisation techniques. The percentage inhibition efficiency (η%) for each inhibitor increased with increasing concentration until the critical micelle concentration (cmc) was reached. The maximum inhibition efficiency approached 95.1% in the presence of 400 ppm of the inhibitor (IV). It was found that the adsorption of the surfactants on carbon steel followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Potentiostatic polarisation data indicated that these surfactants act as mixed type inhibitors. The values of activation energy (E _a*) of carbon steel dissolution in 1 M HCl were calculated in the absence and presence of 400 ppm of each inhibitor. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology of polished carbon steel surfaces and those immersed in 1 M HCl in the absence and presence of 400 ppm of inhibitor (IV).     

可逆冷带轧机速度张力多变量耦合系统的建模及分散控制

针对具有多变量、非线性、强耦合和不确定性的可逆冷带轧机速度张力系统,提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器(extended state observer,ESO)的全局积分滑模自适应反步分散控制方法.首先,采用机理建模方法,建立了相对完备的可逆冷带轧机速度张力多变量耦合系统的数学模型.其次,将各子系统的耦合项和不确定项看成外扰,通过构造的ESO对其进行动态观测,并分别引入所设计的全局积分滑模自适应反步控制器中进行补偿,速度张力系统实现了有效的动态解耦和协调控制.理论分析表明,所提出的控制方法能够保证滑模面的渐近稳定和闭环系统的渐近跟踪性能.最后,基于某1422mm可逆冷带轧机速度张力系统的实际数据进行仿真,结果验证了所提方法的有效性.     

可聚合聚氨酯型表面活性剂的制备及其性能

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TD I)、马来酸酐(MA)、聚乙二醇(PEG400和PEG1000)和三乙胺为主要原料,合成了两种兼有非离子和阴离子性能的可聚合聚氨酯型表面活性剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ,用FT-IR以及1HNMR对产物的分子结构进行了表征,同时对其CMC值、流变特征、浊点和乳化能力等性能进行了测定。结果表明,I的临界胶束浓度为8.3×10-3mol/L,此时的表面张力为38.67 mN/m,Ⅱ的临界胶束浓度为2.11×10-2mol/L,此时的表面张力为31.29 mN/m,溶液表现为牛顿型流体,其乳化能力明显优于常用乳化剂OP-10。