含环向减薄缺陷主蒸汽管道蠕变应力变化规律研究

厚壁耐热钢广泛应用于高温电厂的主蒸汽管道。局部减薄缺陷是高温压力管道常见的体积型缺陷,局部减薄缺陷的存在对高温环境下运行的管道应力重分布会产生较大的影响,降低管道的承载能力。采用大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS对在蠕变条件下运行、受内压作用含环向减薄缺陷主蒸汽管的蠕变应力进行了有限元数值模拟,获得了应力重分布的变化过程。结果表明,含环向减薄缺陷直管,由于存在结构不连续,导致应力水平提高。在高温环境下,应力最大位置和应力集中系数最大位置可能会随蠕变时间的变化而改变,给出了含环向减薄管道应该主要关注的位置。研究结果可为高温含环向减薄缺陷管道的安全评定和完整性分析提供依据。     

Stabilization of highly concentrated suspensions of iron nanoparticles using shear-thinning gels of xanthan gum

Nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) particles have recently become subject of great interest in the field of groundwater remediation for their ability to treat a wide variety of organic and inorganic contaminants. However, the field application of this technology is strongly hindered by the lack of stability of NZVI water suspensions.This study demonstrates that highly concentrated NZVI slurries (15 g/L) can be stabilized for more than 10 days adding 6 g/L of xanthan gum biopolymer. Stability against aggregation and sedimentation was achieved in the range of ionic strength 6 × 10⁻³–12 mM and is mainly due to the formation of a viscous gel characterized by shear-thinning behaviour.     

Effect of shear thinning on aspiration – Toward making solutions for judging the risk of aspiration

Polysaccharide solutions containing a contrast medium were prepared so that their viscosity at 50 s⁻¹, which was reported as a shear rate in the oral cavity, is the same but different at other shear rates. Preparation procedure of such solutions based on heat treatment using widely used polysaccharides in foods is described, and the rheological properties of these solutions are discussed in relation with flow behaviours in the swallowing process. Videofluorographic observation was performed for healthy persons and patients and compared with rheological characteristics of these solutions to understand the mechanism of aspiration. It was shown that the degree of aspiration depended on the degree of shear thinning of polysaccharide solutions. This study showed the possibility to find what kind of fluid induces the aspiration and to reduce the risk of aspiration in dysphagic patients by controlling the food rheology.     

Numerical Simulation of Sterilization Processes for Shear‐Thinning Food in Taylor‐Couette Flow Systems

The performance of the Taylor‐Couette flow apparatus as a heat sterilizer is numerically investigated. The destruction of Clostridium botulinum and thiamine (vitamin B1) was selected as model reaction. When Taylor vortices were formed in the annular space, the heat transfer significantly enhanced as compared to the case without vortex flow. As a result, the equivalent lethality calculated from the temperature field increased, which is regarded as a quantum leap. Conversely, the improvement of heat transfer induced destruction of thiamine. These results suggest that there is a trade‐off relationship between the enhancement of heat transfer and the avoidance of thermal destruction of nutritional components. In conclusion, the Taylor‐Couette flow sterilizer has the potential for process intensification in heat sterilization processes.     

Tunable temperature‐ and shear‐responsive hydrogels based on poly(alkyl glycidyl ether)s

We describe the synthesis, characterization and direct‐write 3D printing of triblock copolymer hydrogels that have a tunable response to temperature and shear stress. In aqueous solutions, these polymers utilize the temperature‐dependent self‐association of poly(alkyl glycidyl ether) ‘A’ blocks and a central poly(ethylene oxide) segment to create a physically crosslinked three‐dimensional network. The temperature response of these hydrogels was dependent upon composition, chain length and concentration of the ‘A’ block in the copolymer. Rheological experiments confirmed the existence of sol–gel transitions and the shear‐thinning behavior of the hydrogels. The temperature‐ and shear‐responsive properties enabled direct‐write 3D printing of complex objects with high fidelity. Hydrogel cytocompatibility was also confirmed by incorporating HeLa cells into select hydrogels resulting in high viabilities over 24 h. The tunable temperature response and innate shear‐thinning properties of these hydrogels, coupled with encouraging cell viability results, present an attractive opportunity for additive manufacturing and tissue engineering applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

中厚板减薄过程残余应力的演变行为

 针对中厚板使用过程中的变形行为，研究了中厚板因减薄引起横向残余应力重新分布规律。基于剥层法理论建立了中厚板减薄过程中残余应力分布模型和挠曲变形模型，应用有限元分析法模拟了厚板减薄过程。对比分析了残余应力分布形式和中厚板挠曲变形程度的计算结果和有限元仿真模拟结果，验证了两种分析方法的可行性，并进一步分析了应力分布状态及厚板减薄方式对薄板减薄过程变形的影响。结果表明，两种分析结果都能反映中厚板减薄变形特征，但有限元仿真模拟方法能够随薄板减薄而改变中厚板约束状态，结果更为准确；中厚板内部原始残余应力分布状态及使用过程减薄方式对其减薄过程变形有重要影响，为中厚板的合理生产设计和使用提供理论依据。     

压裂液黏度对脉冲频率响应机理试验研究

为探究页岩气开采过程中的脉冲水力压裂液流变性能对频率的响应情况,采用0,1,3,5,7 Hz 这5个不同频率对2种不同黏度(30 mPa·s和10 mPa·s)的瓜尔胶液进行脉冲剪切试验。试验结果表明不同黏度大小的压裂液对于脉冲频率的响应效果是有区别的:当采用相对高黏压裂液体系时,对于结构黏度和塑性黏度,随着频率增大,总体上两者都呈下降趋势;对于表观黏度,随着频率的增大,压裂液表观黏度先是不断受到剪切稀释而减小,当频率达到5 Hz后,即使频率进一步增大,压裂液黏度也基本变化不大;对于压裂液的流性指数则是随着频率的增大先增加后减少,且当频率为5 Hz时流性指数达到最大值。采用相对低黏压裂液体系时,结构黏度较塑性黏度变化平缓,这在压裂过程中泵入支撑剂阶段有利于支撑剂在储层裂缝中的运移,对于压裂后期稳缝有着重要作用;采用较低黏压裂液的表观黏度和流性指数对于频率的剪切稀释响应效果不是很明显。研究成果为页岩气储层的开采提供了技术参考。     

承载盘级进模设计

针对某电子承载盘的结构特点和工艺要求,运用Dynaform软件进行了成形工艺性分析,设计出一副包括3次正拉深、2次反拉深的28工位级进冲模。该工艺方案减小了零件变薄率,保证了零件关键尺寸的精度,减少了试模次数,提高了效率。该模具结构简单、实用,操作安全、方便,生产出的零件质量良好。     

大规格弯曲薄壁塑件注射成型浇注系统设计

以汽车裙边塑件为例,分析了大规格弯曲薄壁塑件的结构和成型性能特点,然后将浇注系统设定为圆柱体内的塑料熔体流动,其它非圆截面浇注系统采用形状因子等效,并通过数值模拟,获得熔接痕位置及锁模力、进浇口压力的变化曲线。在此基础上,对浇注系统进行改进,有效控制了熔接痕的大小和位置。