基于Optistruct的重力坝拓扑优化应用研究

基于Optistruct的变密度法,结合应变能优化准则对实体重力坝非溢流坝段进行拓扑优化.优化结果表明,坝体的应力、安全系数等指标均满足规范要求,证明了拓扑优化在重力坝剖面优化中的可行性和有效性.并进一步对优化结果进行数据拟合,分别对传统直线断面、三次曲线断面和折线断面进行了静力分析,发现折线断面在满足规范要求的情况下,坝趾竖向压应力更小,更符合应用要求.     

高功率密度柴油机配气机构优化设计

针对原有高功率柴油机配气机构丰满系数较大,其他设计参数距离极限值存在较大裕度的状况,对其进行了优化设计.以配气机构的丰满系数与时面值为优化目标,采用分段函数法对配气凸轮型线进行了优化设计.针对配气凸轮各段不同的运行状态提出限制条件,以确定函数形式以及优化系数,最终得到配气凸轮的型线.对优化前后的配气机构进行了动力学以及进气性能分析,结果表明:在约束条件范围内,配气机构动力学性能与进气性能均有了较大的提高.     

基于仿真数据的列车运动模型辨识

提出一种基于地铁列车的运行仿真数据来辨识列车传递函数的新思路。通过对列车运动模型的分析建立列车运行仿真中涉及到的多质点受力模型,用于计算不同车型混编的地铁列车的受力情况。以该受力模型为基础对列车的运行情况进行仿真实现,基于仿真软件生成的牵引力和速度随时间变化的数据,通过最小二乘法辨识出列车的传递函数。实验结果表明,辨识出的列车运动模型是有效的。     

基于ADXL345的铁路列车振动舒适度检测与评价

随着国民经济的发展,人们对于乘坐铁路客车的舒适度的要求也越来越高,设计一套列车舒适度的检测与评价系统,对车辆的设计、制造和管理部门不断改进、提高列车的舒适度起着重要的参考作用。系统采用近年推出的ADXL345型数字加速度计采集加速度信号,使得系统的硬件电路更加简单,测量精度更高,抗干扰性能更加强大。     

城市轨道交通列车交路方案优化模型研究

为了对城市轨道交通列车交路方案进行优化,建立非线性规划模型及多目标规划模型。非线性规划模型以最少的运用车底数为优化目标,有效地将列车交路折返点及列车开行数量进行综合优化,但该模型求解难度较大,仅适合对列车交路方案优化做理论分析。多目标规划模型则充分考虑了实际情况,首先确定列车折返点,或者提供几种备选形式,再运用多目标规划求解各交路最优列车开行对数,得出列车交路方案的最优解。最后用算例验证了多目标规划模型的有效性。     

Locomotive engineers and their spouses: coffee consumption,mood, and sleep reports

Locomotive engineers (train drivers) on irregular work schedules reported a general coffee consumption rate higher than that reported by a comparison sample of permanent shift factory workers. The present study examines the impact of this consumption on workday and non-workday sleep behaviour and mood ratings. Twenty-seven engineers and their spouses each completed daily logs for 30 consecutive days. Daily logs were then sorted into workday and non-workday categories. Workday sleep length was significantly shorter than non-workday sleep length for both engineers and spouses. For the engineers only, coffee consumption on workdays was higher than on non-workdays. This increased coffee consumption was correlated with longer sleep latency, increased negative mood, and decreased positive mood on both work and non-workdays. This was not true for spouses. These results may be related to a days-off carry-over effect of caffeine or a general consumption behaviour characteristic.     

基于贝叶斯网络的高速列车碰撞风险评价

碰撞事故已成为影响高速列车运营安全的重要因素,采用科学方法对安全风险进行有效的预测与评估具有重要意义.从组织、人因错误的角度出发,利用贝叶斯网络构建了碰撞事故的致因关系.参考专家知识,基于风险发生概率语言变量量化基本事件的条件概率,构建条件概率表,利用GeNIe软件进行了概率推理和风险因素灵敏度分析,定量评估了列车碰撞的风险,找出了影响最突出的风险因素.通过案例研究表明,贝叶斯网络对于高速列车运营安全风险预测是可行的,计算得到的风险概率不仅指出了重要的影响因素,也反映了高速列车系统目前的安全状况.     

Combined quasi-static backward modeling and look-ahead fuzzy control of vehicles

Vehicle modeling can play an important role in vehicle power train design, control and energy management investigation. This paper presents a method for vehicle power train modeling. The key feature of the method is its presentation of the dynamic of vehicle based on the road information. This ability makes the method suitable for look-ahead energy management and fuel economy optimal control problems. With the aid of a road slope database, road geometry ahead of the vehicle is extracted. A fuzzy controller is developed that receives this information and controls the velocity of the vehicle with respect to its fuel consumption. In order to maintain the operation of the combustion engine near its efficient region, the fuzzy controller commands a continuously variable transmission. Simulations are carried out using real road data. The results are presented and discussed.     

基于列车信息管理系统(TMS)空电联合制动控制方案设计

为了进行有效的制动操作和提高乘坐平稳性,TMS负责整个空电联合制动的控制.主要阐述了列车的制动系统设计方案,介绍了列车制动系统的主要框架,说明了空电联合制动技术的原理,概述了制动系统中制动力的计算流程及关键的计算公式.