Local multi-valued logics in modular expert systems

Abstract

Abstract. In this paper we describe an approach to the problem of dealing with uncertainty by means of finite multi-valued logics in modular expert systems, and the results obtained. The modularity of the systems allows us to address two main characteristics of human problem-solving: the adaptation of general knowledge to particular problems and the dependency of the management of uncertainty on the different subtasks being implemented in the modules of the system, i.e. different modules can have different local multiple-valued logics as part of their local deductive mechanisms. Although the results obtained are general, we use, throughout the paper, examples of a medical expert system that has been designed using a modular language called MILORD-II, that implements them showing the practical interest of the theoretical concepts involved.     

Controller synthesis for uncertain fuzzy systems with integrating multiple time-varying delays

This article mainly investigates the controller synthesis for uncertain fuzzy systems with integrating multiple time-varying delays, which can describe a much larger class of nonlinear systems or uncertain time-delay systems. First, a sufficient stability condition for the unforced Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models with multiple time-varying delays and uncertainties are derived. By involving the parallel distributed compensator (PDC), some design conditions for the resulting closed-loop fuzzy systems are further presented. These proposed conditions are all expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), and we can readily perform the PDC synthesis from current LMI solvers. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed approach.     

Robust H ∞ sliding mode control for a class of uncertain switched delay systems

This article considers the robust H _∞ sliding mode control problem for a class of uncertain switched delay systems. A single sliding surface is constructed such that the reduced-order equivalent sliding motion restricted to the sliding surface is completely invariant to all admissible uncertainties. For cases of known delay and unknown delay, the existence conditions of the sliding surface are proposed, respectively. The corresponding hysteresis switching laws are designed such that the sliding motion is stabilisable with H _∞ disturbance attenuation level γ. Furthermore, variable structure controllers are developed to drive the state of the switched system to reach the single sliding surface in finite time and remain on it thereafter. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design methods.     

基于时延反馈的Boost变换器混沌化控制

时延反馈是一种混沌或混沌化控制的有效方法,本文建立了电流模式控制DC-DC Boost变换器输出电压时延反馈混沌化模型,以非线性微分方程时延反馈混沌化理论为基础,研究了控制策略中不同控制参数对变换器混沌化的影响,并给出了控制参数的选择依据.时延反馈混沌化方法控制范围宽,结构简单且设计过程系统性强.同时,验证了变换器系统的混沌化对EMI的有效抑制,为相关混沌研究的工程应用提供了实现思路.     

大规模风电接入系统的备用优化分配研究

计及风电功率预测误差和负荷预测误差,定义3类发电负荷曲线以及对应的系统变量,考虑因不确定性波动导致发电机组增减出力后的系统安全约束,构建含风电系统节能调度的最优备用分配模型。以IEEE-RTS24系统为例,通过与常规含风电系统节能调度计算结果比较,证明了所建模型的有效性,并分析了在不同目标函数权重下,发电机组功率分配和备用分配对系统耗煤量的影响。     

Decentralized bounded input bounded output stabilization of perturbed interconnected time-delay power systems with energy storages

This paper presents a new decentralized bounded input bounded output (BIBO) stabilization problem for a class of interconnected time-delay systems and its application to power systems with energy storages. We first provide conditions for the derivation of an ellipsoid that bounds a given linear functions of the state vector. Then, a design procedure is proposed to synthesize decentralized static output feedback controllers. The designed controllers guarantee that a given linear functions of the state vector, starting from any initial condition, converges exponentially to its prescribed zones. To deal with the time-delay issue, we use an improved weighted integral inequality recently reported in the literature to derive less conservative exponential stability conditions. Then, our presented control approach is applied to an interconnected power system integrated energy storages with multiple time delays. We synthesis decentralized static output feedback load frequency controllers to guarantee that the system frequency and interchanged power converge to their prescribed zones exponentially from any initial conditions. The controller’s construction is simpler and easier for implementation due to only the local output measurements are required. In order to systematically obtain the controller gains, an effective procedure using linear matrix inequality based stabilisation criteria, which can be solved by various computation tools, is provided. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by comprehensive simulations.     

考虑调度决策非预期性的多阶段随机规划调度策略

随着可再生能源渗透率的提高,分布式可再生能源带来的波动性、间歇性会传递至主网中,对系统安全运行造成影响,研究不确定性优化方法对系统实际运行具有一定的指导作用。传统的随机优化以及鲁棒优化方法不满足系统实际运行的非预期性要求。文章以日运行期望成本最小为目标,考虑分布式可再生能源发电不确定性,建立多阶段随机规划模型,可以根据之前不确定信息的实现在每个阶段确定预调度决策,不会受到未来不确定信息的影响,符合系统实际运行规律,满足非预期性。为了避免多阶段随机规划问题求解的维数灾难,采用随机对偶动态规划(stochastic dual dynamic programming, SDDP)算法进行求解。仿真结果表明,相比于传统的确定性模型,多阶段随机优化得到的最优调度决策树较之确定性优化得到的单一决策方案具有更广泛的决策空间,可以基于上一阶段不确定信息的实现和决策来更新调度决策,降低系统的运行成本。     

Modular‐based adaptive control of uncertain nonlinear time‐varying systems with piecewise jumping parameters

Nonlinear time‐varying systems exist widely in practice. Therefore, it is of great theoretical importance and practical value to investigate the problem of controlling such systems. However, the results available in developing adaptive control to address such a problem are still limited. Especially a majority of them are restricted to be slowly time‐varying linear systems. This paper presents a modular‐based adaptive control scheme for parametric strict feedback nonlinear time‐varying systems. The parameters considered include both continuous and piecewise time‐varying parameters, and they are not necessarily restricted to be slowly time‐varying or infrequent jumping. The technique of adaptive backstepping with nonlinear damping is employed in the control design module, while the parameter projection algorithm is performed on the parameter estimation module. It is proved that the uniform boundedness of all closed‐loop system signals can be guaranteed with the proposed control scheme. The performance of the tracking error in the mean square sense with respect to the parameter variation rate is also established. Furthermore, perfect asymptotically tracking can be achieved when the varying rates of unknown parameters are in the space. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Distributed Kalman filter for linear system with complex multi-channel stochastic uncertain parameter and decoupled local filters

This article considers a distributed Kalman filtering problem for linear system contaminated by complex multi-channel random uncertain parameter in which a number of nodes cooperative without central coordination to estimate a common state based on local measurements and data received from neighbors. We propose an approach to eliminate this error propagation. The proposed local filters are guaranteed to be stable under some mild conditions on certain global structural data, and their fusion yields the centralized Kalman estimate. Then, we extend this method to smoothing and deconvolution algorithm. Finally, simulation experiments demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.     

适用于风电并网的VSC-HVDC系统模型预测控制

针对风电并网的电压源换流器高压直流输电(VSC-HVDC)系统的传统双闭环控制策略存在控制结构复杂、PI参数较多且难以整定、响应速度慢等问题,提出适用于风电并网的VSC-HVDC系统模型预测控制策略。为了提高风电场母线交流电压的控制精度,风电场侧换流器(WFVSC)采用基于优化模型预测的定交流电压控制,提出滞后补偿两步预测法,并将模型预测控制与脉宽调制(PWM)技术相结合,求取2个控制周期内调制波的最优解,然后经过调制单元生成开关信号作用于WFVSC。网侧换流器(GSVSC)采用有限控制集模型预测功率控制,基于GSVSC的离散数学模型,利用代价函数遍历寻优找出使代价函数最小的开关状态组合作用于GSVSC。基于所提模型预测控制的VSC-HVDC系统具有良好的稳态性能、动态性能和故障恢复性能,能为风电场提供稳定的交流电压。仿真结果验证了所提控制策略的可行性和有效性。