水声通信网络信道仿真研究

根据海洋环境下水声信道的特性,提出一个面向水声通信网络信道的仿真框架,其中包括传播延迟、接收功率、背景噪声、干扰噪声、信噪比与误码率等若干模型,并以一个典型的水声网络仿真场景为例,给出了部分仿真试验结果.     

几种基于特殊媒介的无线传输技术

随着科技的发展和应用需求的推动,基于特殊媒介的无线传输技术不断涌现。对国外几种典型的基于特殊媒介的无线传输技术的基本机理、主要特点及国外发展情况进行了介绍,其中海面蒸发波导通信可显著降低微波超枫五巨传播损耗;基于电离层加热的沿场散射通信能够显著改善HF／VHF／UHF超视距通信性能;水声通信是一种极有前途的对潜通信手段;中微子通信具有钻地入海的直线通信能力。各项技术利用其独特的信道特性提供了优于常规通信的传输性能,对未来通信发展具有重要意义。     

一种水下机器人运动的过程神经元控制

过程神经网络是传统神经网络的拓展, 增加了一个对于时间的聚合算子, 从而更好地模拟了生物神经元的信息处理机制. 这是由于水下机器人运动控制系统的输入、输出均是随时间连续变化的过程量. 结合S函数和预先规划思想, 建立水下机器人过程神经元的运动控制模型. 仿真试验证明,该新型控制模型, 对于水下机器人的运动非线性控制器具有设计简单、响应速度快、超调小、鲁棒性好等优点.     

中程水下测距及遥控系统主控机设计

水声信道是一个十分复杂的时空频变信道,其主要特征是复杂性、多变性、强多途和有限带宽;为了实现对水下设备的测距和遥控操作,针对水声信道的特性,系统采用时延编码方案,设置键盘和液晶显示屏能实现对系统的便利操作,并通过串口将测距结果传至电脑实现后处理;文中介绍了测距及系统通信原理,主机部分的总体设计、键盘以及液晶显示部分、数据采集和处理部分;经过多次水池和湖上实验,证明了此系统的可行性并实现了所有预期功能。     

Nonlinear gliding stability and control for vehicles with hydrodynamic forcing

This paper presents Lyapunov functions for proving the stability of steady gliding motions for vehicles with hydrodynamic or aerodynamic forces and moments. Because of lifting forces and moments, system energy cannot be used as a Lyapunov function candidate. A Lyapunov function is constructed using a conservation law discovered by Lanchester in his classical work on phugoid-mode dynamics of an airplane. The phugoid-mode dynamics, which are cast here as Hamiltonian dynamics, correspond to the slow dynamics in a multi-time-scale model of a hydro/aerodynamically-forced vehicle in the longitudinal plane. Singular perturbation theory is used in the proof of stability of gliding motions. As an intermediate step, the simplifying assumptions of Lanchester are made rigorous. It is further shown how to design stabilizing control laws for gliding motions using the derived function as a control Lyapunov function and how to compute the corresponding regions of attraction.     

AUV 水下着陆策略研究

水下自航行器（AUV）的续航能力主要取决于其所携带能源总量．为了有效地减少能耗,提出了 一种具有变浮力系统、能够着陆坐底的小型AUV,它可以利用有限的能源实现长时间的海洋环境监测．首先 介绍了该AUV 的总体结构,然后对AUV 的着陆策略进行了详细研究．在对三种着陆策略进行对比的基础上, 选择下潜航行到位控制注水着陆策略作为最佳的水下着陆方案．该策略能够使着陆时的冲击力保持在安全范 围内,并且着陆时间最短．最后对着陆轨迹进行规划．仿真和水域实验的结果都证明采用该着陆策略能够安 全、平稳地实现水下着陆．     

基于轻量级密集残差网络的水下图像增强

深度卷积神经网络是水下图像增强的主要方法之一,但其过高的内存消耗和计算需求阻碍了在实际应用中的部署。为此,提出一种轻量级的密集残差卷积神经网络(dense residual convolutional neural networks, DRCNN)用于水下图像增强。为降低计算成本,DRCNN采用深度可分离卷积提取高级特征;通过密集连接和残差学习促进不同通道之间的信息交互,提高模型表征能力;将输入的退化图像与中间特征图融合,保留图像全局相似性,同时防止模型梯度消失。实验结果证明DRCNN能有效提高水下图像质量,较于现有算法,DRCNN参数量减少了85%,PSNR、SSIM值分别提高了3%、2%,测试速度提高了3%。DRCNN使用更少的参数实现了更好的性能,利于在低资源设备的实时场景中应用。     

Breaking the Responsivity-Bandwidth Trade-Off Limit in GaN Photoelectrodes for High-Response and Fast-Speed Optical Communication Application

Underwater optical communication (UOC) has attracted considerable interest in the continuous expansion of human activities in marine/ocean environments. The water-durable and self-powered photoelectrodes that act as a battery-free light receiver in UOC are particularly crucial, as they may directly face complex underwater conditions. Emerging photoelectrochemical (PEC)-type photodetectors are appealing owing to their intrinsic aqueous operation characteristics with versatile tunability of photoresponses. Herein, a self-powered PEC photodetector employing n-type gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires as a photoelectrode, which is decorated with an iridium oxide (IrO_x) layer to optimize charge transfer dynamics at the GaN/electrolyte interface, is reported. Strikingly, the constructed n-GaN/IrO_x photoelectrode breaks the responsivity-bandwidth trade-off limit by simultaneously improving the response speed and responsivity, delivering an ultrafast response speed with response/recovery times of only 2 µs/4 µs while achieving a high responsivity of 110.1 mA W⁻¹. Importantly, the device exhibits a large bandwidth with 3 dB cutoff frequency exceeding 100 kHz in UOC tests, which is one of the highest values among self-powered photodetectors employed in optical communication system.     

Adaptive multi-mode switching strategy for the spherical underwater robot with hybrid thrusters

The conventional autonomous cruise and tracking system cannot transition and change its motion mode according to the underwater environment during operation, so it is of great significance to study the multi-mode switching of cruise control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). In this paper, a Multi-Mode Adaptive Switching (MMAS) strategy for the Spherical Underwater Robot with Hybrid Thruster (HPSUR) was proposed, which provided the possibility for the robot to choose optimal control mode according to the unpredictable operating environment. Then, the dynamic and force of the hybrid thruster are analyzed to improve the accuracy of multi-mode switching, and the MMAS strategy is developed linking the attitude adjustment and switching problems. Furthermore, a series of multi-mode switching experiments were conducted using water-jet mode, propeller mode and hybrid mode. Finally, the experimental result was discussed, which verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed MMAS strategy. The proposed control strategy has a certain reference value for the multi-mode switching of propulsion devices.     

一种水下足式机器人的设计方案研究

海洋蕴含着丰富的自然资源,对海洋资源的合理开发与运用可以极大的缓解能源短缺问题,但由于海洋的复杂环境所带来的资源开发难度也不容忽略;针对这系列问题,对一种新型水下航行器进行研究,开展了水下足式机器人的总体设计分析,并通过三维建模对机器人进行结构设计;利用ANSYS对机器人关键运动部件进行应力分析,对机器人的设计进行完善;利用FLUENT软件进行流体模拟仿真,计算得到机器人腿部在水下运动时的受力特性;使用Adams软件对机器人的运动进行动力学仿真,计算机器人腿部扭矩输出特性;结合仿真结果对机器人的硬件系统进行选型,完成水下足式机器人的总体设计。