预估型氨法脱硫控制系统研究

燃煤发电系统中氨法脱硫控制系统具有时变、大延时、大惯性的特点。针对典型的大延迟系统,文中提出基于Smith预估器的脱硫控制系统,通过抵消系统被控对象中的纯滞后环节来提高系统的实时性。Smith预估器依赖准确的PID模型,系统中PID参数整定仍存在不确定性。利用SOA算法对PID参数进行整定,将绝对误差积分ITAE作为适应度函数,通过对适应度值的不断寻优,找到最佳的比例积分微分系数组合。仿真结果表明,相较于Smith预估器控制下的脱硫系统,基于SOA的Smith预估PID控制系统跟随性好且反应迅速,调节时间缩小为原来的9%,峰值时间缩小为原来的5%,具有较小的超调量,系统的实时性和稳定性得到保证。上述结果证明该算法对工程控制系统有效,并具有良好的应用前景。     

地球单基ISAR对月球成像信号参数设计与仿真

利用地基逆合成孔径雷达（Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar,ISAR）对月球进行观测和成像处理,可获得月球正面的地形地貌等特征。本文首先构建了用于逆合成孔径雷达成像的地面单基雷达对月球观测的等效转台模型,分析了月球表面等效散射中心与雷达径向距离的变化特性。然后,给出了单基雷达脉冲重复频率、脉冲宽度、工作频段、带宽和采样频率等信号参数的设计准则,并建立了单基雷达对月球观测的ISAR回波模型与成像处理流程。最后,通过仿真实验验证了本文理论分析和成像算法的有效性。     

掺In碲镉汞的光学和电学性能研究

碲镉汞材料的电学、光学性能直接影响红外探测器的性能,掺杂是一种有效提高材料性能的手段,因此碲镉汞材料的相关掺杂研究至关重要。利用步进式扫描傅里叶红外调制光致发光(Fourier Transform Infrared Modulated Photoluminescence, FTIR-PL)测试仪对不同退火条件下的掺In碲镉汞材料进行了变温测试,降低了实验过程中的信噪比,获得了较好的光谱图。在此基础上结合霍尔测试结果,分析了由温度变化导致的能级位置变化以及不同退火条件处理后碲镉汞材料的发光峰强度和位置的变化。     

一种任意分布下的隐变量因果结构学习算法

因果发现旨在通过观测数据挖掘变量间的因果关系,在实际应用中需要从观测数据中学习隐变量间的因果结构。现有方法主要利用观测变量间的协方差信息（如四分体约束）或引入非高斯假设（如三分体约束）来解决线性因果模型下的隐变量结构学习问题,但大多限定于分布明确的情况,而实际应用环境往往并不满足这种假设。给出任意分布下隐变量结构的识别性证明,指出在没有混淆因子影响的情况下,两个隐变量的因果方向可识别所需要的最小条件是仅需要其中一个隐变量的噪声服从非高斯分布。在此基础上,针对线性隐变量模型提出一种在任意分布下学习隐变量因果结构的算法,先利用四分体约束方法学习得到隐变量骨架图,再通过枚举骨架图的等价类并测量每一个等价类中的三分体约束来学习因果方向,同时将非高斯约束放宽到尽可能最小的变量子集,从而扩展线性隐变量模型的应用范围。实验结果表明,与MIMBuild和三分体约束方法相比,该算法得到了最佳的F1值,能够在任意分布下学习更多的隐变量因果结构信息,且具有更强的鲁棒性。     

基于灰色预测与滑模变结构的ABS仿真分析

为研究汽车制动防抱死系统(antilock brake system,ABS)的超前性、实时性与鲁棒性,结合灰色预测和滑模变结构控制方法,提出基于灰色预测GM(1,1)模型与滑模变结构控制的ABS综合控制算法,建立仿真模型进行数据的对比分析.结果表明:相对于单滑模或bang-bang控制,灰色预测与滑模变结构综合控制方法使汽车ABS超前运行,缩短了制动时间与制动距离;有助于缓解滑模变结构方法自身带来的抖动缺陷.因此,灰色预测与滑模变结构综合控制方法有助于提升ABS的响应速度、实时鲁棒性与人体舒适性.     

小断面岩石巷道掏槽爆破参数优化实验

针对小断面岩石巷道掏槽爆破效率低下的技术难题,依据掏槽爆破形成槽腔为后续炮孔提供自由面。通过分析施工过程中掏槽爆破存在的问题及其影响因素,采取了控制单一变量的方法,制定9组实验方案,同时配合规范的施工方法对掏槽爆破参数进行优化,从而获得最优的掏槽爆破参数组合。通过对实验数据的比较分析,优化的掏槽爆破参数使巷道掘进的炮孔利用率提高了20%,掘进综合成本节省了27%。     

立体停车位液压系统控制策略及节能控制技术研究

针对目前立体停车位均采用阀控液压动力系统,存在系统效率低、能耗大等问题,将伺服电机直驱定量泵的节能技术应用于立体停车位的液压系统中.采用滑模变结构算法与模糊控制算法相结合的模糊滑模控制算法作为立体停车位各个工况切换的控制策略,相比于工业中常用的模糊PID控制算法,模糊滑模变结构控制能够对系统设定流量需求进行快速响应,在多个工况切换时,波动小、稳定速度快.同时对使用节能技术的立体停车位运行时的功率、能耗及系统效率进行测试,结果表明使用伺服电机直驱定量泵的液压节能系统与使用传统阀控液压系统相比,能耗降低了31.2%,系统效率提高了33.2%,具有较好的节能效果.     

Modulating functions-based method for parameters and source estimation in one-dimensional partial differential equations

In this paper, modulating functions-based method is proposed for estimating space–time-dependent unknowns in one-dimensional partial differential equations. The proposed method simplifies the problem into a system of algebraic equations linear in unknown parameters. The well-posedness of the modulating functions-based solution is proved. The wave and the fifth-order KdV equations are used as examples to show the effectiveness of the proposed method in both noise-free and noisy cases.     

A two-phase variable neighbourhood search algorithm for assembly line worker assignment and balancing problem type-II: an industrial case study

The assembly line worker assignment and balancing problem type-II (ALWABP-2) occurs when workers and tasks (where task times depend on workers’ skills) are to be simultaneously assigned to a fixed number of workstations with the goal of minimising the cycle time. In this study, a two-phase variable neighbourhood search (VNS) algorithm is proposed to solve the ALWABP-2 due to the NP-hard nature of this problem. In the first phase of the algorithm, a VNS approach is applied to assign tasks to workstations with the aim of minimising the cycle time while in the second phase, a variable neighbourhood descent method is applied to assign workers to workstations. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on well-known benchmark instances. In addition, the proposed algorithm has been used to solve a real case study from a consumer electronics company that manufactures LCD TVs. The results show that the algorithm is superior to the methods reported in the literature in terms of its higher efficiency and robustness. Furthermore, the algorithm is easy to implement and significantly improves the performance of the final assembly line for the investigated LCD TV real case study.     

Dual‐horizon peridynamics

In this paper, we develop a dual‐horizon peridynamics (DH‐PD) formulation that naturally includes varying horizon sizes and completely solves the ‘ghost force’ issue. Therefore, the concept of dual horizon is introduced to consider the unbalanced interactions between the particles with different horizon sizes. The present formulation fulfills both the balances of linear momentum and angular momentum exactly. Neither the ‘partial stress tensor’ nor the ‘slice’ technique is needed to ameliorate the ghost force issue. We will show that the traditional peridynamics can be derived as a special case of the present DH‐PD. All three peridynamic formulations, namely, bond‐based, ordinary state‐based, and non‐ordinary state‐based peridynamics, can be implemented within the DH‐PD framework. Our DH‐PD formulation allows for h‐adaptivity and can be implemented in any existing peridynamics code with minimal changes. A simple adaptive refinement procedure is proposed, reducing the computational cost. Both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional examples including the Kalthoff–Winkler experiment and plate with branching cracks are tested to demonstrate the capability of the method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.