彩色道路沥青老化动力学研究

考察了所配制的70#和90#两种彩色道路沥青在老化过程中正戊烷沥青质的变化;并依据老化过程中正戊烷沥青质的变化,进行了彩色沥青老化动力学研究,得出了有关动力学参数,得到了两种彩色沥青老化动力学方程,其理论计算值与实际试验数据基本吻合,表明彩色道路沥青老化属于一级动力学反应。结果表明,70#彩色沥青反应活化能(Ea=4.483×104J·mol-1)比90#彩色沥青反应活化能(Ea=4.322×104J·mol-1)高,反应速度常数较小,具有较低的老化速率和较好的抗老化性能。     

有机玻璃在紫外光下老化机理的研究

在紫外光（50℃，313nm波长）条件下对有机玻璃进行了约70d（天）的人工加速老化试验，然后对不同老化时间的有机玻璃试样进行了力学性能测试，并进一步利用凝胶渗透色谱法、示差扫描量热法等手段，分析了老化前后的有机玻璃试样的结构和组成差异，结合老化前后有机玻璃力学性能的变化，定性的揭示了有机玻璃在紫外光条件下的老化规律和老化机理。     

沥青抗老化性能的研究

制备了 5种牌号的重交通道路沥青 ,并通过薄膜烘箱 (16 3℃ ,5h)实验前后正戊烷沥青质含量的变化及胶体不稳定指数和老化指数比较了它们的抗老化性能 ,同时建立了辽曙一区原油的切割温度及调和剂用量与使用性能关系的回归方程。实验结果表明 :所建立的切割温度与针入度、软化点关系及调和剂用量与针入度、软化点关系的回归方程对沥青工业生产和使用具有一定的指导意义。沥青老化后针入度明显降低、软化点升高、延度变差。沥青质含量变化最快的道路沥青抗老化性能最差 ;胶体不稳定指数越小 ,胶体结构越稳定 ,抗老化性能越好 ;老化指数越大的沥青 ,抗老化性能越差     

燃油时效炉改造研讨

介绍的燃油时效炉改造的经验和方法,大大减少了蓄热和散热损失,改善了燃烧状态,从而降低了可比单耗,取得了显著的节油效果。     

Age-dependent MRI-detected lesions at early stages of transient global ischemia in rat brain

Although ischemic stroke has higher incidence and severity in aged than in young humans, the age factor is generally neglected in ischemia animal models. This study was aimed at comparing age-dependent effects at early stages of transient global cerebral ischemia (TGCI) in rats. TGCI was induced in two groups of rats (3–6 and 20–24 months old, respectively) by exposure to 15% oxygen and 15 min occlusion of the two common carotid arteries. Brains were analysed in vivo by MRI–apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T₂ maps–at 1–3 h post-TGCI and in vitro by histochemical examination of triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)-stained slices. At 1–3 h post-TGCI, a higher incidence of lesions was found in aged than in young rats especially in the hippocampus and cortex (occipital plus parietal) but not in the thalamus. The lesioned regions showed lower ADC values in aged than in younger rats. The most substantial ADC decreases were associated with enhanced spin-spin relaxation and lower TTC staining. The different responses of the two age groups support the use of aged animals for investigations on different ischemia models. Our model of brain ischemia appears appropriate for further studies including drug effects.     

Shelf life extension of beef retail cuts subjected to an advanced vacuum skin packaging system

Vacuum skin packaging (VSP) is a new and promising technology that includes the instantaneous heating of the upper packaging film immediately before its descent over the meat surface. In the present paper we evaluated this technology for the packaging of a wide variety of beef retail cuts and compared this with traditional vacuum packaging (TVP) performed in parallel. Shelf-life and quality evolution was estimated by analysing three spoilage bacterial groups, an ubiquitous psychrotrophic food pathogen, and three biochemical and physico-chemical attributes throughout 40 days of storage at 4 °C. Statistically-significant lower microbial counts were obtained for all microbial parameters and meat types. The VSP lot exhibited lower pH. This, however, involved a lower water holding capacity and a higher degree of firmness, the latter indicating a limited tenderisation process in the VSP batch. Extended aging times in the carcasses were studied to improving the tenderness of VSP samples. The extension of the aging process prior to VSP may be useful for improving the tenderness of certain meat types and to improve the sensory quality of meat cuts processed under this system.     

Influence of Eudragit NE 30 D blended with Eudragit L 30 D-55 on the release of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride from coated pellets

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Eudragit® NE 30 D blended with Eudragit® L 30 D-55 on the release of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride (PPA·HCl) from coated pellets. The miscibility of Eudragit NE 30 D/L 30 D-55 blends at different ratios was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry. The release of PPA·HCl from pellets coated with Eudragit NE 30 D alone and a Eudragit NE 30 D/L 30 D-55 blend, when stored at 40°C and 60°C, was determined by UV spectroscopy. Eudragit NE 30 D and Eudragit L 30 D-55 were miscible in ratios greater than 4:1. The curing time that was required to reach an equilibrium state decreased with the addition of Eudragit L 30 D-55. The presence of Eudragit L 30 D-55 also produced a film coating that was less tacky, and a dispersion of Eudragit NE 30 D containing Eudragit L 30 D-55 (5:1) was shown to prevent agglomeration of the pellets during coating and storage.     

Estimation of Electric Transformer Service Life from Oil Degradation Kinetics

Petroleum-based transformer oil performs the dual roles of insulator and electrolyte depending on charges in the oil. The availability of charges for conduction influences the level of voltage breakdown in the mineral oil and depends on the intensity of physicochemical processes such as redox action, hydrolysis, photodegradation, sludge/particle development, and gas formation arising from thermal, mechanical, chemical, and electrical stresses in the oil. Previous investigators have focused mostly on single oil aging indicators to build models for estimation of the aging rates of transformer oils, within a time frame that is too short relative to the operational service life of transformers. In this research, the interdependence of oil voltage breakdown and changes in oil physicochemical characteristics was investigated experimentally using T24 and T14 oils. Tests were performed with a DTS-100D oil tester for voltage breakdown and a HKV 4000 series high kinematic viscosity bath. The calculated activation energies are 26.2?KJm?3 for T24 and 25.4?KJm?3 for T24 transformer oils, respectively. Neglecting catastrophic failure from environmental hazards, the estimated service lives of T14 and T24 transformers that are herein analyzed are 40 and 43 years, respectively. Their degradation constants were experimentally determined to be 7.38×10?12 and 6.98×10?12?L?1?S?1, respectively.     

Preparation of Mesostructured Lamellar Zirconia

Mesostructured lamellar zirconia was synthesized in the hydrothermal systems using Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) as a template and zirconyl chloride as zirconium precursor. The as-prepared composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), TG-DTA, and DR-UV techniques. The influences of hydrothermal aging time, total concentration of solution, different mole ratio of zirconyl chloride/surfactant, and post treatment on the structure of mesostructured lamellar zirconia were discussed in this article.     

Constitutive modeling of the aging viscoelastic properties of portland cement paste

Analytical approaches for modeling aging viscoelastic behavior of concrete include the time–shift approach (analogous to time-temperature superposition), the solidification theory, and the dissolution–precipitation approach. The aging viscoelastic properties of concrete are generally attributed solely to the cement paste phase since the aggregates are typically linear elastic. In this study, the aging viscoelastic behavior of four different cement pastes has been measured and modeled according to both the time–shift approach and the solidification theory. The inability of each individual model to fully characterize the aging viscoelastic response of the materials provides insight into the mechanisms for aging of the viscoelastic properties of cement paste and concrete. A model that considers aging due to solidification in combination with inherent aging of the cement paste gel (modeled using the time–shift approach) more accurately predicted the aging viscoelastic behavior of portland cement paste than either the solidification or time–shift approaches independently. The results provide evidence that solidification and other intrinsic gel aging mechanisms are concurrently active in the aging process of cementitious materials.