Electrochemical insertion of lithium ions into disordered carbons derived from reduced graphite fluoride

Both covalent (obtained by direct fluorination at high temperature) and semi-ionic carbon fluorides (synthesized at room temperature) were reduced in order to obtain disordered carbons containing very small content of fluorine and different physical properties according to the reduction treatment (chemical, thermal or electrochemical). After a physical characterization (X-ray diffraction, electron spin resonance and FT-IR spectroscopies), the electrochemical behaviours of the pristine carbon fluorides and of the treated samples were investigated during the insertion of lithium using liquid carbonate-based electrolytes (LiClO₄-EC/PC, 50:50%, v/v). Both galvanostatic and voltammetric modes were performed and revealed that the voltage profiles and the capacities differed according to the starting material and the reduction treatment. Semi-ionic carbon fluoride treated in F₂ atmosphere for 2 h at 150 °C and then chemically reduced in KOH exhibits high reversible capacities (the reversible capacity is 530 mAh g⁻¹ in the second cycle); in this case, the voltage profiles show a large flat portion at potentials lower than 0.3 V which is attributed to the insertion/deinsertion of lithium ions between the small graphene sheets and/or the absorption of pseudo metallic lithium into the microporosity of the sample. Nevertheless, a part of the lithium ions are removed at potentials higher than 0.5 V versus Li⁺/Li limiting the useful capacity.     

高温浓硫酸用XDS不锈钢板材的研究

根据合金设计的理论，对高温浓硫酸用不锈钢进行全面的改性研究，进而开发出新型耐高温浓硫酸用不锈钢板材XDS。比较并论述了XDS不锈钢在高温浓硫酸中的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能，认为XDS不锈钢已达到国际先进水平，为制造硫酸厂的干吸塔、酸泵等设备提供了优异的钢材，也为低温热回收系统的应用创造了条件。     

边缘氢化石墨烯片层结构和光谱性质的密度泛函理论研究

以并3-6苯环为氢化石墨烯片层模型,采用量子化学密度泛函理论方法(DFT)在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平上进行了几何结构全优化,讨论了分子结构、能量、前线分子轨道等性质的变化规律。在得到化合物基态稳定构型的基础上,运用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)计算了电子吸收光谱的性质。计算结果显示边缘氢化石墨烯片层均为平面结构,线型扶手椅型结构能量最低,结构最稳定。随着石墨烯片层环数的增加HOMO轨道能量增加,LUMO轨道能量降低,能隙能量降低,最大吸收波长明显红移。     

浸渍增重率和反渗率研究

对浸溃过程中浸渍剂沥青的浸入率和反渗率进行了分析与探讨。提出了理想增重率、理论增重率与实际增重率的概念和计算方法。并比较了实际增重率与操作增重率的差别。同时分析了抽真空的绝对压力与施压的绝对压力对各项增重率和反渗率的影响。     

分离式双管板列管换热器的设计与制造

论述了双管板换热器材料选择、管板胀管槽等结构的设计、双管板检漏设计、最佳胀管压力计算等 ,以及双管板制造中内侧管子管板液压强度胀接、外侧管子管板强度焊接、双管板间空腔内和管子管板焊接接头气密性试验的要求     

SiC/Si-MoSi2抗氧化涂层的制备及性能研究

为了提高石墨材料的抗氧化性,在石墨表面制备SiC/Si-MoSi2抗氧化涂层。首先以Si粉为原料,采用液硅渗透法制备SiC内层;然后以Mo粉和Si粉为原料,配制成m(Mo)∶m(Si)分别为1∶5、1.5∶5、2∶5和2.5∶5的料浆,采用料浆烧结法制备Si-MoSi2外层。利用SEM和EDS分析SiC/Si-MoSi2涂层于1400℃氧化前后的结构及组成。结果表明,料浆的Mo粉和Si粉配比对涂层的抗氧化性能有很大影响,当m(Mo)∶m(Si)=2∶5时,涂层具有最佳的抗氧化性能,且表现出长时间的抗氧化能力。     

换热器管板的焊接变形与控制

换热器是化工企业中常见的设备,在其制造及维修过程中,有时会出现管板变形,造成密封面紧固不严。对管板焊接变形现象作了简要探讨。     

Novel tin-graphite composites as negative electrodes of Li-ion batteries

For the purpose of obtaining an improved performance of the graphite negative electrode of Li-ion batteries, a novel graphite-tin composite has been synthesized by reduction of tin chloride (SnCl₂) with KC₈ in THF medium. This composite contains nano-sized tin particles dispersed on the graphite surface and free tin aggregates. Lithium electrochemical insertion occurs both in graphite and in tin. An experimental reversible specific charge of 489 mA h g⁻¹ is found stable upon cycling. Such a value is lower than the maximum theoretical one of 609 mA h g⁻¹ suggesting that only a part of tin is involved in the lithium insertion/extraction process. This part of active tin responsible for the stable capacity could be that bound to graphite. To the contrary, free tin aggregates could contribute to an extra capacity that decreases upon cycling in relation with the volume changes that occurs during alloying/dealloying.     

湿法制造热塑性片材的工艺技术研究Ⅰ.热塑性片材概论

本文介绍了玻璃纤维毡增强热塑性片材（GMT）的特点，分类及制造工艺；阐述了湿法即介质悬浮法制造热塑性片材的工艺流程及专用设备。     

挤出法PS发泡板材专用树脂的结构与性能

分析挤出法聚苯乙烯(PS)发泡板材对树脂性能的要求,并对比了市场应用较好的同类产品的分子结构、加工流变性能,开发了挤出法PS发泡板材专用树脂680X。680X具有较高的相对分子质量和适当的相对分子质量分布,因而具有较高的熔体强度,其力学性能和加工性能优良,制品的性能符合挤出法PS发泡板材的要求。