On the synthesis and characterization of a new manganite type CMR material: La0.7Hg0.3MnO3

A new manganite type CMR material, La_0.7Hg_0.3MnO₃ has been successfully synthesized and has been found to exhibit magnetoresistance (≈9%) at low fields (≈1.5 kG). The synthesis has been carried out through a solid state reaction route consisting of the formation of La_0.7MnO₃ followed by diffusion of Hg leading to La_0.7Hg_0.3MnO₃. The as grown samples are polycrystalline and correspond to an orthorhombic unit cell with the lattice parameters; a=5.5183 Å, b=5.6383 Å and c=7.5368 Å. The typical grain size as revealed by scanning electron microscopy is in the range of 0.5–2 μm. The ρ–T behaviour shows a peak at T_IM=227 K. The ρ–T behaviour above this temperature corresponds to that of an insulator and below this to that of a metal. The ρ–T behaviour remains unaltered when a magnetic field (H_dc=1.5 kG) is applied. However, with this magnetic field a drop in the resistivity is observed up to 77 K. At room temperature the magnetoresistance ratio (MRR) is too small but it steadily increases as the temperature is decreased. Thus, MRRs at 227.13 and 77 K are 3.41 and 9.05%, respectively, in an applied field of H_dc=1.5 kG. At a given temperature the variation in MRR with field H_dc is rapid at lower field values (H_dc<1.2 kG) and scales linearly for higher field values (H_dc>1.2 kG). It may be mentioned that the present work on the synthesis and magnetoresistance behaviour of La_0.7Hg_0.3MnO₃, is the first of its type.     

考虑电动汽车时空接入随机性的充储电站有序充放电分散式优化

针对电动汽车时空接入的随机性,提出一种基于改进拉格朗日对偶松弛法的充储电站有序充放电分散式优化调度方法.首先,根据出行链和马尔可夫决策理论,建立计及出行路径随机性的电动汽车时空接入模型和不同温度及交通路况下的电动汽车单位行驶里程能耗模型;其次,考虑电动汽车的充放电约束、充储电站和配电网的运行约束,构建以充储电站收益最大化为目标函数的充储电站侧优化数学模型;然后,基于改进拉格朗日对偶松弛法,提出该模型的分散式优化求解方法;最后,以某典型城区道路拓扑为例,对比分析不同出行路径、温度、交通路况和调度策略下各充储电站的收益、负荷曲线和计算效率.算例结果表明:所提方法综合考虑多种环境因素,使充储电站的调度结果更加全面实际,且计算效率得到了大幅提升.     

三元体系γ′相和θ相沉淀早期计算机研究

基于三元合金沉淀动力学相场方程的微观离散格点形式建立模型。首次对Ni75Al11V14合金的γ′和θ2个有序相析出的早期过程进行了模拟，并计算了γ′有序相的成分序参数和长程序参数。结果表明：Ni75Al11V14合金中γ′相的沉淀机制为非经典形核长大兼有失稳分解特征，先形成非化学计量比有序相，然后才形成化学计量比有序组；非化学计量比θ有序相在γ′相界处形成，距离γ′相界越远，其有序程度越低，θ有序畴存在2种类型：水平分布和垂直分布，和它所依附的γ′相界面取向有关。     

电机定转子铁芯自动叠装模设计

通过对电机定子和转子铁芯自动叠装技术的介绍,将铁芯叠装形式的分类、扭斜铆接叠压点的几何形状、分布、冲压深度以及如何实现铁芯叠装的分台进行说明,提出模具设计时应注意的要点,对此类模具的设计有一定的参考作用。     

CARBON ORDERING IN Fe-1.83C MARTENSITE Ⅰ. Crystal Structure of a Conventional Ordered Phase

采用电子衍射方法对Ｆｅ－１．８３Ｃ马氏体室温时效时产生的有序相结构进行研究，确定其结构为偏离化学计量成分Ｆｅ_４Ｃ的γ′－Ｆｅ_４结构，称为γ′－Ｆｅ_ｘＣ（Ⅰ）（ｘ＝４－１１）。碳原子位于单胞的１／２，１／２，１／２位置。该有序相单胞尺寸为：（ａ_Ｍ，ｃ_Ｍ分别为马氏体单胞的ａ和ｃ轴长度），它与母相完全共格，位向关系为（００１）_Ⅰ∥（００１）_Ｍ，［１００］_Ⅰ∥［１１０］_Ｍ。根据γ′－Ｆｅ_ｘＣ（Ⅰ）晶体结构计算出的有序相衍射花样与实验得到的衍射花样全部吻合。     

Imide-aryl ether benzoxazole random copolymers

Novel imide-aryl ether benzoxazole copolymers were prepared and their morphology and mechanical properties investigated. A key feature of these copolymers is the incorporation of a benzoxazole moiety by the use of 2,2′-bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-6,6′-bibenzoxazole or 2,2′-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)-phenyl]-6,6′-bibenzoxazole as co-diamines in polyimide syntheses. The preparation of these diamines involved the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 2,2′-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-6,6′-bibenzoxazole with either 3- or 4-aminophenol in the presence of K₂CO₃. The diamines were co-reacted with various compositions of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) to synthesize the desired poly(amic acids). Films were cast and cured (350°C) to effect the imide formation, affording films with elongations between 40 and 110% and moduli in the 2000–2750 MPa range. The copolymers exhibited good dimensional (T_g in excess of 300°C) and thermal stability. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements on the copolymers showed that the ordered morphology characteristic of PMDA/ODA polyimide was retained. Improvements in the auto-adhesion were observed, particularly in those copolymers which displayed a T_g.     

基于Hamiltonian马氏链蒙特卡罗方法的突变运动跟踪

在计算机视觉领域,由镜头切换、目标动力学突变、低帧率视频等引起的突变运动存在极大的不确定性,使得突变运动跟踪成为该领域的挑战性课题.以贝叶斯滤波框架为基础,提出一种基于有序超松弛Hamiltonian马氏链蒙特卡罗方法的突变运动跟踪算法.该算法将Hamiltonian动力学融入MCMC（Markov chain Monte Carlo）算法,目标状态被扩张为原始目标状态变量与一个动量项的组合.在提议阶段,为抑制由Gibbs采样带来的随机游动行为,提出采用有序超松弛迭代方法来抽取目标动量项.同时,提出自适应步长的Hamiltonian动力学实现方法,在跟踪过程中自适应地调整步长,以减少模拟误差.提出的跟踪算法可以避免传统的基于随机游动的MCMC跟踪算法所存在的局部最优问题,提高了跟踪的准确性而不需要额外的计算时间.实验结果表明,该算法在处理多种类型的突变运动时表现出出色的处理能力.     

Crystalline complex between poly(γ-methyl l-glutamate) and dimethyl phthalate

The crystalline complex between poly(γ-methyl l-glutamate) (PMLG) and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) has been formed in films cast from a solution in dichloroethane. It has the stoichiometry of 1 mol of DMP to three or four residues of PMLG and shows two definite characteristics in X-ray diffraction patterns; one is the large hexagonal unit cell with the edge of around 28 Å and another the ‘extra’ 5.07 Å meridional reflection which can not be interpreted by a PMLG α-helical conformation. The structural examination for the films with various DMP contents is carried out by X-ray, viscoelastic, and d.s.c. measurements and the following structure is proposed for the crystalline complex. Four PMLG are associated to form a group which is hexagonally packed and DMP molecules, located in the gaps between groups, form a specific favourable helical structure along PMLG chains in which the van der Waals stacking of benzene rings of DMP is significant.     

一种正方化有序树图布局算法

针对现有正方化树图有序性差、有序树图正方化性能差的问题,提出一种正方化有序树图布局算法——SOTLA,首先将多个节点捆绑组合构造大权值节点;然后按平均长宽比最接近1和沿最短边方向填充路径限制的原则对节点进行布局;通过对每一组合节点分治并重复上述过程进行布局,最终完成所有单个节点的布局.将该算法应用于50组具有层次结构和数据值大小悬殊特点的农药残留量检测数据中,得到了较好的可视化效果.将该算法与现有的Squarified,Pivot,Strip和Spiral 4种布局算法就平均长宽比、连续性、可读性、稳定性和稳定的平衡性5项评价指标进行对比,实验结果表明,文中算法在连续性和平均长宽比性能上具有明显优势,其可读性、稳定性和稳定的平衡性指标也表现良好.     

有序介孔碳材料的模板化构筑及水处理应用研究

介孔碳材料是指孔径介于2 nm-50 nm的一类多孔碳材料。有序介孔碳材料，具有比表面积高、孔道结构规则有序、孔径分布狭窄、孔径大小可调控、表面易于修饰等结构特点和高机械强度、强吸附能力、化学惰性等性能特点，在诸多领域得到了广泛应用，特别是其作为新型吸附剂在水处理领域具有广阔的发展前景。有序介孔炭材料的制备方法主要有硬模板法和软模板法。模板和碳源的选择是控制有序介孔碳材料结构和性能的关键因素。本文从有序介孔硅、天然矿物、MOFs材料、嵌段共聚物等不同模板的角度对有序介孔碳、多级有序微/介孔碳、多级有序大/介孔碳的制备方法进行综述，并对有序介孔碳材料在水处理领域的应用进行简单介绍。