HDD冷却液的特性和性能试验研究

研究了重型柴油机(HDD)对冷却液的性能要求,分析借鉴了ASTM系列标准。开发了水泵气穴循环腐蚀试验台、缸套试片超声波气穴试验仪、气液相冷热交变腐蚀试验仪,并研究建立了试验方法。利用该设备和仪器完成了一汽长寿命HDD冷却液和储存期达到180天的热试机冷却液的研制和特性试验,结果表明所研究的设备、仪器和方法可以满足要求。进行了纳米冷却液试验,发现HDD冷却液中加入3%wt的纳米石墨后,冷却能力提高了约15%。     

温度对管线钢H2S/CO2腐蚀行为的影响

利用高温高压反应釜模拟高含硫气田H2S/CO2共存环境,在流动溶液介质中进行腐蚀实验,辅以SEM和XRD,探讨了温度对API-X60管线钢H2S/CO2腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:随温度的升高X60钢的腐蚀速率先升高后降低,腐蚀形态由局部腐蚀趋于全面腐蚀,高温区有点蚀倾向.低温区形成的腐蚀产物以马基诺矿型晶体(FeS1-...     

2A12铝合金在含Cl~-环境中的腐蚀行为和规律研究

通过室内浸泡模拟实验方法,研究了2A12铝合金在含Cl-典型环境中的腐蚀行为与电化学规律.采用扫描电镜观察了试样的组织和腐蚀产物的微观形貌,并用能量色散谱(EDS)分析了腐蚀产物元素组成.采用失重法分析了2A12铝合金腐蚀动力学规律,并采用电化学阻抗技术分析了2A12铝合金腐蚀后的电化学行为规律.实验结果表明,浸泡480 h后,2A12铝合金发生了明显的点蚀和小片状剥蚀,Cl-和第二相是促进点蚀形成和发展的主要原因;浸泡480 h后的动力学规律遵从幂指数规律;电化学阻抗谱中的Nyquist曲线由压缩的双容抗弧组成,随浸泡时间的延长,点蚀不断生成并发展,与腐蚀产物的产生与剥落综合作用,使电化学阻抗模值呈先减小后增大再减小的动态变化.     

从00Cr17Ni14Mo2与AISI316L钢的化学成分设定看我国不锈钢管标准的国际接轨

00Cr17Ni14Mo2是2007年前我国国标中设定的一种与国际上316L钢种相对应的同类钢种,该钢种是美国AISI 316L,即UNS S31603的等效钢种,设计选材时可相互取代.但由于成分设定上略有差异,在钢管标准中把两者等同或在贸易合同把他们混为同一钢种都是不妥当的.由此引发的一些贸易争议时有发生,因此必须澄...     

基于脉冲漏磁的管道腐蚀缺陷检测的研究

输油管道运输中存在着管道腐蚀现象,对管道的安全运行构成威胁.因为常规漏磁检测技术具有一定的局限性,检测近表面和表面下缺陷较难.提出了利用脉冲漏磁的方法检测管道腐蚀缺陷,并对不同深度的缺陷管道进行了实验.结果表明,此方法能有效识别管道表面和表面下腐蚀缺陷,具有快速、定量检测的特点,有广阔的应用前景.     

冷却水中杀菌剂次氯酸钠、异噻唑啉酮对不锈钢的侵蚀性比较

冷却水对不锈钢有腐蚀作用,在冷却水中分别添加杀菌剂次氯酸钠和异噻唑啉酮,采用极化曲线研究了次氯酸钠和异噻唑啉酮对TP304L不锈钢电极耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:冷却水中次氯酸钠可以促进不锈钢的点蚀,随放置时间的延长冷却水对不锈钢的侵蚀性增加;冷却水中加入异噻唑啉酮对不锈钢的极化曲线不产生影响,在放置过程中冷却水对不锈钢...     

L360钢在SRB/CO2环境中的腐蚀行为研究

为了探究L360钢在SRB/CO2环境中的腐蚀行为,通过高温高压模拟腐蚀试验以及OM、SEM、EDS、XRD等分析技术,对L360钢的显微组织及其在SRB/CO2环境中的腐蚀速率、腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物膜成分进行了分析。结果显示,在模拟腐蚀溶液中,L360钢属于极严重腐蚀。L360钢在含SRB的CO2腐蚀环境中SRB发生膜下腐蚀,膜层在高流速环境中受剪切力破损,使膜层对基体的保护作用降低,模拟环境溶液中的Cl-进入膜层裂缝在基体金属表面活性高的位置发生富集。试验表明,SRB腐蚀形成的点蚀坑为Cl-提供了良好的富集点,导致点蚀快速成长,腐蚀加剧,且表面腐蚀产物为FeS和少量的FeCO3。     

X70钢在不同温度下的CO_2腐蚀行为

为研究腐蚀因素与腐蚀速率的关系,通过在NACE(体积分数5%NaCl+0.5%CH3COOH)溶液中进行饱和CO2浸泡腐蚀实验,研究了X70钢在30、60和90℃条件下的CO2腐蚀行为。结果表明:X70钢在60、90℃条件下的腐蚀速率大于30℃,并高出1个数量级。30℃时试样表面无明显点蚀特征;60℃条件下试样表面出现大量点蚀,其余部分平整,点蚀周围富集Cl-;90℃条件下试样表面不仅出现严重的台地腐蚀而且出现线蚀槽,局部腐蚀严重。X70钢的CO2腐蚀受到钢的成分、显微组织等冶金因素的影响。     

The aspect ratio of surface grooves and metastable pitting of stainless steel

The metastable pitting behavior of 316L stainless steel with different surface roughness in 0.01 M NaCl solution was studied using potentiostatic and potentiodynamic polarization methods and statistical treatments. As surface roughness decreased, the nucleation rate of metastable pits decreased. The peak current of metastable pits also decreased, but the average growth rate of metastable pits showed a slight increase. The aspect ratio of surface groove, w/d, was suggested to characterize the openness of surface grooves, in which w is the width of the groove at the opening and d the depth of the groove. Bigger w/d value indicates more smooth surface, and it is more difficult for micro-pit to nucleate. Under certain conditions of solution and potential, there is a critical w/d value. Metastable pits may nucleate only on those surfaces whose w/d values are less than the critical value. As the aspect ratio w/d increases, the nucleation rate of metastable pits decreases linearly, and both metastable pitting potential E_m and pitting potential E_p move in the positive direction.     

Pitting corrosion of steel tubes in an air preheater

Severe pitting corrosion of a carbon steel tube was observed in the air preheater of a power plant, which runs on rice straw firing. Approximately 1450 tubes were removed from Stage 3 of the preheater (air inlet and flue gas outlet) due to corrosion and local bursting. Samples from Stage 2 (where corrosion was low) and Stage 3 (severe corrosion) were taken and subjected to visual inspection, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness measurement, and chemical and microstructural analysis. It was determined that extended non-operation of the plant resulted in the settlement of corrosive species on the tubes in Stage 3. The complete failure of the tube occurred due to diffusion of these elements into the base metal and precipitation of potassium and chlorine compounds along the grain boundaries, with subsequent dislodging of grains. The nonmetallic inclusions acted as nucleating sites for local pitting bursting. Nonuniform heat transfer in Stage 3 operation accelerated the selective corrosion of front-end tubes. The relatively high heat transfer in this stage resulted in condensation of some corrosive gases and consequent corrosion. Continuous operation of the plant with some precautions during assembly of the tubes reduced the corrosion problem.