Effect of tunnel structure on the specific capacitance of etched aluminum foil

The morphology of etched aluminum foil was observed using scanning electron microscopy, which led to the establishment of a cylindrical model and two merged models, considering the fixed weight loss of etching. The maximum of specific capacitance and the cor- responding optimum values for tunnel sizes at various anodization voltages were predicted. The increased size distribution and taper of tun- nels were demonstrated to decrease the specific capacitance, whereas the addition of polymeric additive into the ttmnel widening solution was demonstrated to increase the capacitance. The formation of merged tunnels on the etched aluminum surface, irrespective of the presence of row-merged tunnels or cluster-merged tunnels, resulted in a dramatic decrease in the specific capacitance. It is concluded that, enhancing the uniformity of turmel size and distribution and avoiding the formation of merged tunnels are the effective approach to achieving the higher capacitance for the tunnel etched and formed aluminum foil.     

Investigation on Corrosion Behaviors of Anti-Corrosion

从互感器误差校验、电能计量统计和电能计量系统整体校验3个方面对光学电流互感器的现场运行性能进行客观评价。投运前和运行中期的误差校验数据显示,变差小于0.1%,满足0.2S级要求。建立2套独立计量系统,在实际现场运行条件下进行长期数据比对,反映数字电能计量系统在各种环境因素影响下的长期运行稳定性。通过对数字电能计量系统的整体校验,在额定功率条件下不确定度达到9.0×10-5,置信概率达到97.15%,系统综合误差为1.013%,满足规程要求。     

Special features of corrosion-mechanical damage in welded joints in the main heating system of Moscow

Results of investigation of metallographic special features of corrosion damage in longitudinal welded joints of a main heating system with diameters of 1400 mm and wall thicknesses of 40 mm are presented. It is shown that the nucleation of corrosion pits takes place along the fusion line on the internal wall of the heating system in the areas with high hardness (188–223 HV₁₀) and the presence of a large amount of bainite and Widmanstatten ferrite in the structure.     

Corrosion mechanism of aluminum alloy by ethylene glycol‐based solution

Corrosion and failure mechanisms on an aluminum (Al) alloy by ethylene glycol base solution have been studied. Extensive crevice corrosion damage and localized scale deposition are clearly observed between the failed Al alloy surface and the rubber hose, in which the leakage of ethylene glycol‐based solution occurred under an actual operating. In addition, many micro‐cracks are found at the rubber hose which is clamped with the Al alloy. The scales on the Al surface appear to be due to the occurrence of Al corrosion, followed by the precipitation of additives of ethylene glycol‐based solution in the crevice between Al alloy and rubber hose. The mechanisms that can account for the crevice corrosion and solution leakage on the Al alloy surface are discussed.     

金属与合金点腐蚀的解析

本文简述了各种金属与合金,包括不锈钢、碳钢、钛、锆、铝、铜等的点腐蚀特点及相互比较,并根据多年现场检测、试验分析和文献调研,探讨了若干共性问题,提出了防护建议。     

Corrosion behaviour of Cr13 steel in CO2 saturated brine with high chloride concentration

The corrosion behaviour of martensitic stainless injection‐pipeline steel X46Cr13 exposed to CO₂ saturated artificial saline brine with high chloride concentration similar to onshore CCS‐site at Ketzin, Germany has been investigated by means of electrochemical technique and microscopic observations at short exposure times (up to 24 h) and by mass loss and metallographic observations at exposure times up to 17520 h. Pitting corrosion kinetics has been characterised and the predictions about the corrosion mechanism are made.     

弹性应力下304L不锈钢点蚀行为的有限元模拟研究

目的 通过有限元理想化建模和模拟计算,采用四点弯曲的应力加载方式,获得了不同弹性拉应力条件下,304L不锈钢薄板上点蚀坑内最大等效应力的变化规律和点蚀坑几何形状的变化情况,以及采用轴向拉伸的应力加载方式,获得了不同弹性拉应力条件下,304L不锈钢管道上随着蚀坑形状和尺寸的变化,点蚀坑内最大等效应力的变化规律.方法 采用有限元法分别构建出具有半球体、圆锥体或圆柱体点蚀缺陷的304L不锈钢薄板和管道模型,并采用有限元仿真的方法系统研究了不同弹性拉应力对304L不锈钢薄板和管道模型上点蚀坑内的应力分布规律,以及通过模拟计算得出点蚀坑内最大等效应力的变化情况,用以分析点蚀在力学影响下的生长扩展机理.结果 随着弹性拉应力的增加,304L不锈钢薄板模型上半球体点蚀坑内的最大等效应力从68.508 MPa增至328 MPa,圆锥体点蚀坑内的最大等效应力从115.960 MPa增至554.610 MPa,圆柱体点蚀坑内的最大等效应力从97.244 MPa增至466.200 MPa.半球体、圆锥体和圆柱体点蚀坑的最大等效应力增长斜率分别为2.01、3.40、2.86.随着弹性拉应力的增加,304L不锈钢表面产生的点蚀坑逐渐从应力集中区域延伸扩展,从而发生形状改变.此外,在点蚀坑尺寸相似的情况下,304L不锈钢管道模型上半球体和圆锥体点蚀坑,在无轴向弹性拉应力作用下的最大等效应力分别为26.421、49.029 MPa,在轴向弹性拉应力作用下的最大等效应力分别为135.920、300.850 MPa.但当点蚀坑尺寸增大时,圆锥体点蚀坑的最大等效应力在无轴向弹性拉应力条件下从49.029 MPa下降到36.355 MPa,在轴向弹性拉应力作用下从135.920 MPa下降至212.140 MPa.结论 随着弹性拉应力的增加,304L不锈钢薄板模型上半球体、圆锥体和圆柱体点蚀坑内的最大等效应力逐渐增加,其中圆锥体点蚀坑内的最大等效应力最高.此外,随着弹性拉应力的增加,304L不锈钢表面产生的点蚀坑形状在应力集中的影响下逐渐从圆孔形状转变为长条形状.在不同的弹性拉应力条件下,304L不锈钢管道模型上圆锥体点蚀均比半球体点蚀的应力集中程度更大并且最大等效应力更高.但是,随着圆锥体点蚀坑尺寸的增加,点蚀坑内的最大等效应力逐渐减小.