基于AeroSim的先进无人机仿真平台的设计与实现

在无人机飞行仿真研究方面,存在所建立的模型具有专用性强及可重用性差等问题,文中介绍了一种基于AeroSim模块集所开发的无人机全数字仿真平台,使用了MATLAB/Simulink作为仿真软件的开发环境;在综合考虑了各类影响飞行性能的因素后,根据飞行器建模的通用方法,构建了无人机的全量非线性方程;以模块化的思想进行了仿真子系统的建立,描述了各模块间的关联及功能;在控制律的验证方面,设计了一种非线性动态逆控制器;仿真结果表明,该平台直观性强,所设计的控制器能够保证无人机姿态稳定,并准确地跟踪预定航线,具有较好的模拟效果。     

近地表空间梯度瞬变电磁粒子群优化反演研究

空间梯度瞬变电磁测量方法利用以发射线圈为对称平面的两个同规格接收线圈信号相减,消除了一次场互感影响,使得早时段瞬变电磁响应得到精确测量,为近地表电性结构层探测提供技术支持。瞬变电磁法一维正演理论研究表明:相比于重叠回线装置,空间梯度瞬变电磁观测模式在早时段(1 ms内)记录具有优势,对近地表30 m深度范围内的介质地电参数变化反映更为灵敏。为实现近地表空间梯度瞬变电磁高精度反演,提出一种基于反向学习策略的自适应混沌粒子群算法(OBL-ACPSO)。利用该算法对理论模型的无噪和含噪瞬变电磁数据进行反演,结果表明,改进的算法显著提高反演精度,抗噪性能突出,为近地表空间梯度瞬变电磁数据的快速反演解释提供了新算法。     

重力坝弹性参数反演的灵敏度分析及一种新的反演算法

依据结构灵敏度分析理论,采用基于有限单元法的解析灵敏度分析方法,对影响重力坝材料参数反演质量的位移观测点位置进行了研究,得到了坝顶位移最适合于反演大坝弹性模量的结论。同时引入一种新的群集智能优化方法—人工鱼群算法（AFSA）,根据大坝坝顶的增量位移进行混凝土大坝和坝基岩石材料参数的反演。算例分析表明：AFSA能够稳定快速地收敛到所求参数的全局最优值;同时加入不同水平的噪音对该算法的数值稳定性进行了研究,结果表明算法稳定性良好。     

基于GNSS的空间环境参数反演平台及精度评估

基于全球和区域全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)参考站网进行对流层和电离层参数反演实现空间环境变化监测具有成本低、精度高、实时性好等优点,得到了广泛应用.本文基于南京信息工程大学的北斗/GNSS空间环境监测平台Xsensing,以国际GNSS服务组织提供的对流层产品为参考,评估了不同气象条件下对流层参数反演精度,在此基础上采用固定非差模糊度的精密单点定位技术(PPP)实现高精度电离层参数反演.实验结果表明,基于全球参考站的对流层估计误差偏差为0.05 mm,对应的标准差为5.6 mm,在平稳和剧烈的气象条件下均能反映水汽变化趋势特征.基于短基线进行电离层延迟反演精度评估,结果表明浮点解PPP反演电离层延迟误差的平均偏差为-0.09 TECU,精度为0.38 TECU,采用非差模糊度固定技术对电离层延迟提取精度提高达84.2%;静态模拟动态解算模式下电离层估计精度与静态相当.上述结果表明该平台可实现高精度空间环境参数反演,下一步将融合机载、船载等多种平台观测实现中小尺度空间变化监测.     

A NEW ELECTROMAGNETIC IMAGING SCHEME

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反向凝固与高温轧制过程中元素互扩散对复合界面的作用

在反向凝固与高温轧制过程中 ,母带与凝固层间一直进行着互扩散 ,C元素靠反应扩散由母带扩散到凝固层 ,Cr由凝固层扩散到母带 ,母带与凝固层之间存在明显的扩散层。Cr在母带中的扩散厚度约为 13μ。扩散到母带中的Cr和母带中的Fe形成固溶体 ,并析出Cr的碳化物。母带与凝固层界面实现了冶金结合     

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) studies of liquid-liquid flows. Part I: Flow structures and phase inversion

A non-intrusive dye tracing technique, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), has been applied to investigate the co-current flow of two immiscible organic-aqueous liquid flows in a vertical pipe. This technique allowed detailed visualization of the dynamic evolution of the flows. Flow structures in liquid-liquid flows at high dispersed phase fraction were revealed which had not been seen before. In pipe flow, an unstable range was found in the flow pattern map in which oil-in-water (o/w) and water-in-oil (w/o) dispersions could co-exist. Secondary dispersions (o/w/o and w/o/w) were observed for most volume fractions and velocities, especially in the unstable range. It was observed that, when the flow is in the unstable region, both w/o/w and o/w/o secondary dispersions could appear in the same set of experiments. It was found that this unstable range in the pipe flow, in spite of the similar appearance, was different to the ambivalent range seen in agitated systems. The one-dimensional drift flux model of Wallis (1969) for dispersed flow and a laminar model for co-current downward annular flow, were also applied to predict the in situ oil holdup; good agreement was obtained.     

软段含羧基的水性聚氨酯贮存稳定性研究

合成了软段含羟基的水性聚氨酯（WPU），对影响其贮存稳定性的各种因素进行了研究，通过显微镜对PU进行了观察。结果表明：以甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）合成，在有性溶剂（如丁酮、丙酮）条件下用三乙胺中和，采用较小相地分子质量的聚酯有利于增强WPU的贮存稳定性，以TDI合成的PU-TDI体系的粒径较PU-IPDI体系的小，稳定性高；以丁酮、丙酮为溶剂的PU-IPDI体系相反转完全。     

Rheological evaluation of the influence of polymer concentration and molar mass distribution on the formation and performance of asymmetric gas separation membranes prepared by dry phase inversion

Asymmetric gas separation membranes were prepared by the dry-casting technique from PEEKWC, a modified amorphous glassy poly(ether ether ketone). The phase inversion process and membrane performance were correlated to the properties of the polymer and the casting solution (molar mass, polymer concentration, solution rheology and thermodynamics). It was found that a broad molar mass distribution of the polymer in the casting solution is most favourable for the formation of a highly selective membrane with a dense skin and a porous sub-layer. Thus, membranes with an effective skin thickness of less than 1 μm were obtained, exhibiting a maximum O₂/N₂ selectivity of 7.2 and a CO₂/CH₄ selectivity of 39, both significantly higher than in a corresponding thick dense PEEKWC membrane and also comparable to or higher than that of the most commonly used polymers for gas separation membranes. The CO₂ and O₂ permeance were up to 9.5×10⁻³ and 1.8×10⁻³ m³/(m² h bar) (3.5 and 0.67 GPU), respectively.     

Speaker adaptive voice source modeling with applications to speech coding and processing

We discuss the use of low-dimensional physical models of the voice source for speech coding and processing applications. A class of waveform-adaptive dynamic glottal models and parameter identification procedures are illustrated. The model and the identification procedures are assessed by addressing signal transformations on recorded speech, achievable by fitting the model to the data, and then acting on the physically oriented parameters of the voice source. The class of models proposed provides in principle a tool for both the estimation of glottal source signals, and the encoding of the speech signal for transformation purposes. The application of this model to time stretching and to fundamental frequency control (pitch shifting) is also illustrated. The experiments show that copy synthesis is perceptually very similar to the target, and that time stretching and “pitch extrapolation” effects can be obtained by simple control strategies.