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Habibeh Haddad Dabaghi Abdolmajid Bayandori Moghaddam Mahmood Kazemzad Rassoul Dinarvand Fezze Aryanasab Mohammad Reza Nabid 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2008,38(3):409-413
Electrochemical treatment processes can significantly contribute to the protection of the environment through the minimization
of waste and toxic materials in effluents. From a pharmaceutical point of view and due to the existing resemblance between
the electrochemical and biological reactions, it can be assumed that the oxidation mechanisms on the electrode and in the
body share similar principles. In this paper, the application of electrochemical studies in the design of an environmentally
friendly method was delineated for the new hydrocaffeic acid (HCA, 3,4-dihydroxy hydrocinnamic acid) derivatives synthesis
at carbon electrodes in an undivided cell. In this cell, the EC mechanism reaction was involved, comprising two steps alternatively;
(1) electrochemical oxidation and (2) chemical reaction. In particular, the electro-organic reactions of HCA, an important
biological molecule, were studied in a water–acetonitrile (90:10 v/v) mixture in the presence of benzenesulfinic acid (3) and p-toluenesulfinic acid (4). The research included the use of a variety of experimental techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, controlled-potential
electrolysis and product spectroscopic identification. 相似文献
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Ionic liquids as electrolytes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Salts having a low melting point are liquid at room temperature, or even below, and form a new class of liquids usually called room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL). Information about RTILs can be found in the literature with such key words as: room temperature molten salt, low-temperature molten salt, ambient-temperature molten salt, liquid organic salt or simply ionic liquid. Their physicochemical properties are the same as high temperature ionic liquids, but the practical aspects of their maintenance or handling are different enough to merit a distinction. The class of ionic liquids, based on tetraalkylammonium cation and chloroaluminate anion, has been extensively studied since late 1970s of the XX century, following the works of Osteryoung. Systematic research on the application of chloroaluminate ionic liquids as solvents was performed in 1980s. However, ionic liquids based on aluminium halides are moisture sensitive. During the last decade an increasing number of new ionic liquids have been prepared and used as solvents. The general aim of this paper was to review the physical and chemical properties of RTILs from the point of view of their possible application as electrolytes in electrochemical processes and devices. The following points are discussed: melting and freezing, conductivity, viscosity, temperature dependence of conductivity, transport and transference numbers, electrochemical stability, possible application in aluminium electroplating, lithium batteries and in electrochemical capacitors. 相似文献
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The two-stage and two-phase anaerobic process (TSTP) composed of hydrolytic acidification reactor,first-order and second-order external circulation anaerobic reactors (EC) was taken to treat methanol wastewater. Test results show that TSTP process is quick start-up in 51 d, and the maximum VFA of hydrolytic acidification reactor effluent reaches 876 mg/L. Under the condition of volume loading of 6.56 kgCOD/m3·d, COD removal rate of the first-order EC reactor is about 85%, and under the condition of volume loading of 1.02 kgCOD/m3·d, COD removal rate of the second-order EC reactor is about 50%. When the inflow COD of TSTP process is between 7000-11000 mg/L, its effluent COD is lower than 600 mg/L. In the biological conversion process of methanol into methane,the production of acetic acids as an intermediate product can be ignored and the direct production of methane from methanol is predominant. 相似文献
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北京市采暖期PM2.5中有机碳和元素碳的污染特征与来源解析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为研究北京市采暖期PM2.5中有机碳(organic carbon,OC)和元素碳(elemental carbon,EC)的污染特征和来源,于2011年12月至2012年2月在北京师范大学监测点进行PM2.5样品的采集.本研究分析PM2.5及其OC和EC的质量浓度变化特征,并采用ρ(OC)/ρ(EC)最小比值法估算二次有机碳(secondary organic carbon,SOC)的质量浓度.除此之外,从定性和定量两方面研究OC和EC的来源及其来源贡献量.结果表明:北京市采暖期PM2.5平均质量浓度为(90.69±61.86)μg/m3,其中OC和EC的平均质量浓度分别为(21.91±12.02)、(5.03±2.58)μg/m3,分别占PM2.5的24.16%和5.55%;SOC的平均质量浓度为(8.37±6.05)μg/m3,占总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)质量浓度的37.27%.PM2.5中OC和EC的相关系数较高,表明它们来源相同,且主要来源于机动车尾气、燃煤排放.机动车尾气排放的贡献量达44.70%,成为OC、EC的重要来源.因此,严格控制机动车保有量的快速增长,减少机动车尾气排放,将成为改善城市大气环境质量的重要手段之一. 相似文献
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Santosh Ghosh Author Vitae Monjur Alam Author Vitae Author Vitae Indranil Sen Gupta Author Vitae 《Computers & Electrical Engineering》2009,35(2):329-338
All elliptic curve cryptographic schemes are based on scalar multiplication of points, and hence its faster computation signifies faster operation. This paper proposes two different parallelization techniques to speedup the GF(p) elliptic curve multiplication in affine coordinates and the corresponding architectures. The proposed implementations are capable of resisting different side channel attacks based on time and power analysis. The 160, 192, 224 and 256 bits implementations of both the architectures have been synthesized and simulated for both FPGA and 0.13μ CMOS ASIC. The final designs have been prototyped on a Xilinx Virtex-4 xc4vlx200-12ff1513 FPGA board and performance analyzes carried out. The experimental result and performance comparison show better throughput of the proposed implementations as compared to existing reported architectures. 相似文献