Viscoelastic behaviors and drying kinetics of different aqueous gelcasting systems for large Nd: YAG laser ceramics rods

Large and nondeforming Nd: YAG ceramic prepared by wet forming is of great importance as gain medium to obtain high-power solid-state lasers. However, it is difficult to achieve high-quality laser ceramics due to insufficiency of the in-depth understanding of transformation mechanism of gels viscoelasticity and effective control means during drying process. In this work, the rheological behaviors, viscoelastic characteristics, and mechanical strengths in classical acrylamide (AM) and novel Isobam (PIBM) gelcastings were systematically compared to explore the suitable route for the large-sized 2% Nd: YAG transparent ceramics with high aspect ratio (>10). AM system exhibited a higher complex viscosity (1.82 × 10⁵ Pa s), a shorter gel time (92.9 seconds), and a higher flexural strength (about 24.46 MPa) than PIBM system, and especially its ability to quickly gel was beneficial to the homogeneity of green body. In addition, the order of drying rates of wet gels in four drying media was observed as follows: 55℃ hot air> ethanol> solid desiccant> PEG-11000 and the moisture diffusion coefficients were calculated and simulated to offer the deep consideration of drying kinetics. The “ethanol + 55℃ hot air” was regarded as an effective composite drying method to eliminate defect and to achieve φ8 mm × 160 mm Nd: YAG ceramic with the in-line transmittance of 83% @1064 nm. Therefore, not only the cognition of gel process, but also the defects control strategy is proposed. More importantly, this work greatly promotes the application of wet forming and laser ceramics in high-power lasers.     

Effect of Nd3+ substitution on structural and magnetic properties of Mg–Cd ferrites synthesized by microwave sintering technique

Nd~(3+) substituted spinel ferrites with formula Mg_xCd_(1-x)Nd_(0.03)Fe_(1.97)O_4(x = 0.0.2,0.4,0.6.0.8 and 1.0)were prepared by oxalate co-precipitation method using novel microwave sintering technique. AR grade sulphates were used as starting chemicals. The samples were sintered at optimized power of 70 W for10 min in a microwave oven(800 W). The structural analysis of these samples was done by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform IR techniques. The XRD analysis of the synthesized ferrite confirms the formation of cubic spinel structure of ferrite. The influence of Nd3+substitution on various structural parameters of Mg-Cd ferrites was reported. IR study indicates the spectra contain two intense absorption bands around 600 and 400 cm~(-1) in addition with four extra bands. The magnetic properties of all ferrites were studied by using a vibration sample magnetometer.The crystallite and grain size dependant magnetic properties are observed. The composition Mg_(0.6)Cd_(0.4)Nd_(0.03)Fe_(1.97)O_4 has better magnetic properties that can be used in recording media. The fast synthesis of spinel ferrites is yielded due to use of the microwave sintering technique.     

Electroanalytical tools to investigate the divalent state of Eu（III） and Nd（III） ions in non-aqueous medium

The divalent state of Ln(Ⅲ) ions has attracted much interest because of their ability to serve isomorphously in many biological sys-tem of divalent Ca(II) ion. Therefore, present paper deals with the study of divalent state of Eu(Ⅲ) and Nd(Ⅲ) ions in non-aqueous medium. In present study, cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry were utilized to establish the divalent state of Eu(Ⅲ) and Nd(Ⅲ) ions. The cy-clic voltammetric technique showed two-step reduction process at cathode for both Ln(Ⅲ) ions under specified experimental conditions and chronopotentiometric method also showed two different transition times (). Looking to the shape of cyclic voltammogram we calculated het-erogeneous forward rate constant (K0fh, cm/s) and diffusion coefficient (D, cm2/s) for both ions, which suggested that sweep rate had great ef-fect on the shape of cyclic voltammogram of Eu(Ⅲ) and Nd(Ⅲ) ions. The result of chronopotentiometry also suggested that stable divalent states of Eu(Ⅲ) and Nd(III) ions existed with chronopotentiogram with two distinct transition times. The diffusion coefficients (D, cm2/s) were calculated from Sand equation. The diffusion coefficients of both techniques were compared and the results suggested that the system at electrode surface was changing from being reversible to irreversible.     

Effects of Nd on microstructures and properties of extruded Mg-2Zn-0.46Y-xNd alloys for stent application

The microstructures, mechanical and corrosion properties of three extruded Mg-2Zn-0.46Y-xNd alloys (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 wt%) were studied by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), electrochemical measurements and tensile tests. Microstructural observations indicated that Nd led to the uniformity and the variation of morphology of major second phase; tensile tests showed that Nd can improve the ductility at moderate amount (0.5 wt%) and will be detrimental up to 1.0%; Mg-2Zn-0.46Y-0.5Nd alloy exhibited excellent mechanical properties (σ_b, 269.0 MPa, σ_0.2, 165.6 MPa and elongation, 24%); electrochemical tests revealed that Nd can enhance the corrosion resistance and Mg-2Zn-0.46Y-1.0Nd alloy had lowest corrosion current density, which was reasoned that the line-shape and rodlike NdZn₂ phase might serve as corrosion barriers and the dissolved Nd can raise the electrode potential of the matrix.     

Experimental features affecting the transparency of YAG ceramics

This article focuses on the importance of the ceramic production process for the final transparency and overall optical quality of materials to be used as laser hosts. YAG-based ceramics are prepared starting from commercial powders. The materials are prepared by reactive sintering in a clean atmosphere and under high vacuum. Nd or Yb are selected as active elements as the more appropriate for high energy and high peak power lasers. The powder type and treatment and the solvent removal technique are described in detail as well as the experimental conditions adopted during shaping. The influence of the pre-sintering and sintering cycles on the reaction among the involved oxides and on the microstructure after sintering is shown. The optical characterization is also reported.     

稀土固体超强酸SO42-/SnO2- Nd2O3催化合成棕榈酸甲酯

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备稀土固体超强酸催化剂SO4-/SnO2- Nd2O3,以工业棕榈酸和甲醇为原料催化合成棕榈酸甲酯.考察了氧化钕添加量、焙烧温度、硫酸浓度、醇酸质量比、催化剂用量和反应时间对酯化反应的影响.结果表明,当氧化钕添加量为5％,以2.0 mol/L硫酸浸渍后,于550℃下焙烧3h制备的催化剂性能最好.正交实验结果表明,合成棕榈酸甲酯的优化条件为:醇酸质量比为15∶25,催化剂用量为棕榈酸质量的6.0％,反应时间5h.在此条件下,酯化率为90.1％.     

一种用于铝中超声波取向性测量的激光超声波系统

建立了一种激光超声波系统,用于测定铝样品中产生的超声波的振幅的取向性(角度决定型模式)。脉冲为Nd:YAG的激光工作参数为:光波波长1064nm,典型的8 ns的脉冲宽度(半高峰宽度)、脉冲能量450mJ,该激光脉冲用于在样品中产生超声波。激光探测系统是一种Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,具有典型的0.25nm(rms)噪声限制分辨率,频率范围:50kHz~20MHz,测量范围-75nm/V~+75nm/V。利用两种面积大小不同的Nd:YAG激光光斑在烧蚀区域产生超声波:一种是集中的,另一种是发散的。利用所得到的数据,绘出取向性图形并和理论曲线相比较,显示出良好的一致性。实验结果表明取向性是光斑尺寸大小的函数。对于一个点超声波源(或集中的光斑)的取向性表明,纵向波在所有的方向均显示出相当大的振幅。对于较大超声波源(或发散光斑)的取向性表明,在内部±10°角度左右会产生较大振幅的纵向波。     

掺钕磷酸盐玻璃的小信号增益性能

测试了应用于神光Ⅱ系列装置93片N31型钕玻璃的小信号增益系数。结果表明,Nd2O3质量分数为2.2%的钕玻璃平均小信号增益系数为0.0387 cm-1,Nd2O3质量分数为3.0%的钕玻璃平均小信号增益系数为0.0416 cm-1,两种浓度的钕玻璃不同样品间小信号增益系数的起伏范围分别为0.86%和0.76%。根据所测定的增益值,表明N31型钕玻璃的增益起伏符合神光Ⅱ系列装置要求,为实现该装置中每一路增益性能的平衡提供了有力保障,也为今后对更大尺寸钕玻璃增益性质的控制提供了经验。     

拉曼-纳斯衍射声光Q开关的实验研究

实验研究了拉曼-纳斯(R-N)衍射的声光相瓦作用长度与声波光波参数之间的关系,确定了最佳声光相互作用长度.在此基础上,分别设计以水和TeO2晶体为声光介质的R-N衍射Q开关器件,测量了器件的衍射效率、衍射角和插入损耗等参数.应用TeO2晶体开关器件调制长脉冲Nd:YAG/KTP激光器,当重复频率为10 kHz时得到了脉...