A new clustering algorithm for coordinate-free data

This paper presents the colored farthest-neighbor graph (CFNG), a new method for finding clusters of similar objects. The method is useful because it works for both objects with coordinates and for objects without coordinates. The only requirement is that the distance between any two objects be computable. In other words, the objects must belong to a metric space. The CFNG uses graph coloring to improve on an existing technique by Rovetta and Masulli. Just as with their technique, it uses recursive partitioning to build a hierarchy of clusters. In recursive partitioning, clusters are sometimes split prematurely, and one of the contributions of this paper is a way to reduce the occurrence of such premature splits, which also result when other partition methods are used to find clusters.     

Polymer stain resistance: Prediction versus experiment

The coloration of different polymer films (from commodity and packaging films to performance films) by contact with various food coloring substances was evaluated. For this purpose, both solubility parameters as a prediction tool, and immersion experiments for time range between 24 and 1000 h were established. The two predicting tools are the Hoy and Hoftyzer‐Van Krevelen (HVK) methods. For PE and PP, HVK's method is preferred for predicting coloration. Neither of the HVK's and Hoy's methods was able to establish a coloration prediction for PET while both methods could predict the staining of PEEK. The coloration of partially and fully fluorinated polymers is well predicted by the Hoy's method. The behavior of PP/PA and PP/PA/PP multilayer films was also studied. Crystallinity degree of polymers, temperature and concentration of coloring molecules are also important parameters, which are not taken into account in solubility theories. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Graphs with maximum degree 6 are acyclically 11-colorable

An acyclic k-coloring of a graph G is a proper vertex coloring of G, which uses at most k colors, such that the graph induced by the union of every two color classes is a forest. In this note, we prove that every graph with maximum degree six is acyclically 11-colorable, thus improving the main result of Yadav et al. (2009) [11].     

基于图着色的P2P流媒体数据调度算法

为了提高P2P流媒体的传输性能,提出一种基于图着色的数据调度算法。算法规定加入系统的每个节点和数据块都被分配某种颜色,请求节点优先获取相同颜色的数据块。根据数据稀有性、紧急性、新鲜性定义数据块优先级别,同时评估伙伴节点数据提供能力,以选择恰当的数据提供者。该算法能有效平衡节点负载,合理利用系统带宽,使数据分布更均匀,提高了系统传输性能。仿真实验表明,算法在数据填充率、启动延迟、数据到达率等重要指标上都优于传统数据调度算法。     

铝合金直流电阳极氧化膜电解着色的研究

以工业纯铝L2为实验材料,采用硫酸直流电阳极氧化-电解着色工艺在铝合金表面制备黑色膜层.着重分析着色电压对黑色膜层表观颜色、厚度、硬度的影响.通过SEM表征、EDS测试及性能测试表明:在优化后的电解着色工艺条件下可以获得与工业纯铝L2基体结合力良好,且耐蚀性、耐热性、吸光性均较好的黑色膜层.     

不锈钢电化学着黑色工艺与成膜机理研究

采用电化学着色法对不锈钢着黑色进行了研究,讨论了钝化处理、着色液组成等因素对着色的影响,测定了着色膜的耐磨性和耐蚀性,并根据着色膜的组成、微观结构分析了成膜机理.结果表明:钝化和封闭处理能明显提高着色膜的耐磨性和抗色变性;电化学分析表明在1 mol/L H2SO4溶液、3.5%NaC l溶液和10%NaOH溶液中,着色膜腐蚀电位比不锈钢基体分别正移1130、565和790 mV,且腐蚀电流密度都比相应介质中的小;扫描电镜和能谱结果显示膜层为封闭块状结构,着色膜主要成分是Fe、Cr、Mn等元素,封闭处理能明显减少其裂纹数目.该成膜反应机理为:1)不锈钢基体的溶解形成大量的M e2+;2)金属/溶液界面上的M e2+与Cr3+水解形成合金氧化膜沉积在基体表面上;3)电化学致密过程中4H2MoO4+2SO42-+4H+2(MoO)2SO4+6H2O+6[O]和M e+[O]=M eO反应是着色膜致密的主要原因.     

A one-step process for chemical coloring on stainless steel

To solve the problem of color controlling in chemical coloring on stainless steel, a one-step process, combining chemical coloring and electrolytic hardening into single stage by concurrently introducing low cathodic current, was developed. The effects of the cathodic current density were studied, and the surface morphologies, compositions and properties of the colored films were characterized with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These results show that the one-step process not only simplifies coloring process but also is superior in coloring controllability and reproducibility compared with the traditional process.     

不锈钢环保型彩色工艺及其耐腐蚀性能

通过对传统着色工艺的改进,摸索出了一种以硫酸亚铁铵为主盐的低温、无铬、环保的配方,添加适量的添加剂,利用微机控制着色时间,得到了蓝色、黄色、紫红色、绿色和褐色五种色彩。采用扫描探针和X射线光电子能谱等表面分析手段,研究了着色膜的表面形貌和元素组成,并采用动电位扫描的电化学方法考察了着色膜的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,着色膜主要由铁、氧等元素组成,着色膜色泽鲜艳、光亮。着色后的不锈钢耐蚀性优于未着色的试样,随着色膜厚度的增加耐蚀性增强,此工艺操作温度低(50~60℃),具有较高的应用推广价值。     

Fabricating red-blue-switching dual polymer electrochromic devices using room temperature ionic liquid

In this work, room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)—1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF₆)—was employed to fabricate dual polymer electrochromic devices (DPECDs). [BMIM]PF₆ was used as the electrolyte both in the electrochemical synthesis of conducting polymers (CPs) and in the fabrication of DPECDs. The electrochemically deposited poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(3-methylthiophene) (PMeT) were employed to serve as two complementary coloring electrochromic thin films. Through combining these two electrochromic layers, the assembled DPECDs were found to switch between deep red and deep blue, which are two primary colors for a display. By employing RTIL as electrolyte, the devices retained 65% of their optical contrast and electroactivity after 5×10³ deep double potential steps, showing enhanced stability and durability. The DPECDs also exhibited stable electrochromic performance, with a maximum optical contrast of 26% at 665 nm, and achieved a high coloring efficiency of 460 cm² C^-1.     

钢铁防腐与彩色热镀锌工艺

概述了钢铁防腐的各种方法，着重阐述了热镀锌工艺的发展历史与现状，彩色涂层钢板的发展历史与存在 的问题，并介绍了彩色热镀锌工艺的优点和国内外的研究情况，彩色热镀锌钢板在研究和开发中存在的问题，指出在热镀锌工业中的重要性及发展前景。