Na+ and/or Cl− Toxicities Determine Salt Sensitivity in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), and Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Grain legumes are important crops, but they are salt sensitive. This research dissected the responses of four (sub)tropical grain legumes to ionic components (Na⁺ and/or Cl⁻) of salt stress. Soybean, mungbean, cowpea, and common bean were subjected to NaCl, Na⁺ salts (without Cl⁻), Cl⁻ salts (without Na⁺), and a “high cationȁd; negative control for 57 days. Growth, leaf gas exchange, and tissue ion concentrations were assessed at different growing stages. For soybean, NaCl and Na⁺ salts impaired seed dry mass (30% of control), more so than Cl⁻ salts (60% of control). All treatments impaired mungbean growth, with NaCl and Cl⁻ salt treatments affecting seed dry mass the most (2% of control). For cowpea, NaCl had the greatest adverse impact on seed dry mass (20% of control), while Na⁺ salts and Cl⁻ salts had similar intermediate effects (~45% of control). For common bean, NaCl had the greatest adverse effect on seed dry mass (4% of control), while Na⁺ salts and Cl⁻ salts impaired seed dry mass to a lesser extent (~45% of control). NaCl and Na⁺ salts (without Cl⁻) affected the photosynthesis (P_n) of soybean more than Cl⁻ salts (without Na⁺) (50% of control), while the reverse was true for mungbean. Na⁺ salts (without Cl⁻), Cl⁻ salts (without Na⁺), and NaCl had similar adverse effects on P_n of cowpea and common bean (~70% of control). In conclusion, salt sensitivity is predominantly determined by Na⁺ toxicity in soybean, Cl⁻ toxicity in mungbean, and both Na⁺ and Cl⁻ toxicity in cowpea and common bean.     

我国不锈钢管市场需求及国内外不锈钢管生产技术发展趋势

介绍了我国不锈钢管市场需求和预测分析,国外不锈钢管生产技术发展趋势。论述了我国不锈钢管生产存在的问题及与世界先进水平的差距。提出了我国不锈钢管技术改造的建议。     

Kinetics of hydrogen evolution on submicron size Co, Ni, Pd and Co–Ni alloy powder electrodes by d.c. polarization and a.c. impedance studies

Submicron size Co, Ni and Co–Ni alloy powders have been synthesized by the polyol method using the corresponding metal malonates and Pd powder by reduction of PdO _x in methanol. The kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 6 M KOH electrolyte have been studied on electrodes made from the pressed powders. The d.c. polarization measurements have resulted in a value close to 120 mV decade^–1 for the Tafel slope, suggesting that the HER follows the Volmer–Heyrovsky mechanism. The values of exchange current density (i _o) are in the range 1–10 mA cm^–2 for electrodes fabricated in the study. The a.c. impedance spectra measured at several potentials in the HER region showed a single semicircle in the Nyquist plots. Exchange current density (i _o) and energy transfer coefficient () have been calculated by employing a nonlinear least square-fitting program.     

华润贵港5000t/d燃无烟煤生产线预分解系统的设计与工程应用

分解炉是烧成系统的关键设备，尤其是对于燃无烟煤的分解炉，既要保证无烟煤粉在炉内的充分燃烧．又要利于系统的操作控制。基于分解炉煤粉燃烧机理，并通过分析影响炉内煤粉燃烧的各种因素及依据所用无烟煤的热失重分析结果，中材国际南京水泥设计研究院开发设计出了用于华润贵港5000砌工程的喷旋管道式在线分解炉，并与高效、低阻、防堵的旋风预热系统组成了性能优异的预分解系统。从实际运行情况看，该预分解系统易于操作控制，且对物料适应性强、阻力损耗小。     

In-situ monitoring of the stabilization with hydrogen of free radicals thermally induced from coal using high pressure e.s.r., d.t.a. and p.d.a. equipment

High temperature, high pressure e.s.r. measurements of the hydrogenation reaction of Taiheiyo coal in the presence of catalysts were carried out to understand the stabilization of thermally and/or catalytically induced free radicals. A decrease in free radical concentration with increasing temperature was observed for ZnCl₂ and SnCl₂ · 2H₂O catalysts at 10MPa under hydrogen gas. High pressure modified single-cell d.t.a. and p.d.a. equipment augmented the uniquely designed high temperature, high pressure e.s.r. cell. The hydrogenation reaction was monitored under the same experimental conditions as for e.s.r. From the results of the combination of high temperature, high pressure e.s.r. with high pressure d.t.a. and p.d.a., it was established that H₂ molecules can react efficiently with free radicals from coal molecules created by the presence of ZnCl₂ and SnCl₂ · 2H₂O catalysts.     

锡槽保护气体转子流量计的示值修正和量程选择及其在900 t/d工程中的应用

从转子流量计的流量检测原理出发,结合理想气体状态方程分析,阐述转子流量计在使用中的示值修正方法.为转子流量计的设计选型、使用中的示值修正提供参考.     

Identification of the state of palladium in various hydrogenation catalysts by XPS

Various commercial supported palladium hydrogenation catalysts were studied by XPS and treated at ambient pressure with hydrogen and air. Unused catalysts exhibit a significant fraction of divalent Pd (oxide) which is reduced by hydrogen treatment at room temperature. Exposure to air in systems with carbonate, alumina, silica or active carbon as support causes the formation of a solid solution of oxygen in Pd characterized by a Pd 3d chemical shift of ca. + 0.4 eV. The absolute binding energy of Pd depends strongly on the matrix, indicating a significant contribution of extra-atomic screening, which prevents a direct comparison of reference samples and supported catalysts. Using the oxidation of CO to CO₂ at 300 K as in situ chemical probe it was confirmed that Pd supported on carbonate, silica and alumina exists in the same metallic state which could be activated for the test reaction irrespective of the variation in XPS binding energies.     

离子自拆分法合成D-(一)-对羟基苯甘氨酸

研究了用离子自拆分方法拆分外消旋对羟基苯甘氨酸(DL-HPG)而合成D-(—)-对羟基苯甘氨酸(D-HPG)。采用正交试验确定了最佳反应条件:在丙酮和水的混合溶剂中,等物质的量的DL-HPG和硫酸在60℃下加入D-HPG,搅拌反应15min左右,降温过滤得到D-HPG的硫酸盐,水解即可得到D-HPG(光学纯度99％),一次性总收率达到20％。适于工业生产。     

大坝集团2500t/d烧成系统生产实践

介绍了山东德州大坝集团旋窑水泥厂2500t/d新型干法生产线烧成系统的主机配置和工艺技术特点,重点介绍了该线3个月的试生产调试期和投运第一年生产运行中烧成系统遇到的预热器结皮、高温风机振动、煤粉水分偏高和篦冷机冷却效果差等问题分析及其解决方法.目前该线产量稳定在2750t/d左右,熟料强度超过60MPa,年设备运转率达85%以上.     

提高100%无烟煤煅烧熟料早期强度的探索

1997年投产的国内首条100%燃无烟煤生产线——龙岩三德2000t/d熟料线的熟料3d强度一直偏低,平均仅为25.5MPa(新标准)。通过对3d强度因素及其相关性分析,排序为w(C2S)>熟料KH值>生料细度>入窑生料的w(Al2O3)。在此基础上,提出了调整配比,提高煤粉和生料细度质量指标以及提高石灰石和燃煤质量等一系列技术措施。