钛基体化学镀镍及其耐蚀性能

采用化学镀在钛基体上制备Ni-P合金镀层.研究了活化时间、镀液pH值、热处理温度及时间对镀层的影响.用动电位极化曲线法比较镀层的耐均匀腐蚀性能,并用X-射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分别研究镀层结构和表面形貌.结果表明,以HF为主剂的活化液,时间60 s,pH值4.8～5.2的活化工艺以及250 ℃、保温2 h的热处理为最佳工艺.镀层具有较高的耐蚀性能,属于非晶和微晶组成的混晶结构.借助于正交试验,确定了最佳工艺.     

Change of the amorphous state by heat treatment below the glass transition temperature

This study was undertaken to elucidate the state of a polymer in the amorphous state through a change of motion of the molecular chain caused by heat treatment below the glass transition temperature. From dielectric measurements of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) heat-treated below T_g, it was found that the average relaxation time, the distribution of relaxation time and the dielectric strength increase with increase of heat treatment. From these results, it was concluded that the amorphous state becomes more random by heat treatment.     

锚链钢弯环内侧开裂分析原因

对锚链钢弯环的原材料和车削后热处理材料及开裂的弯环进行低倍、组织、断口检验，结果表明弯环开裂是由车削后的热处理工艺和焊接工艺控制不当造成的。     

利用预钙化处理提高碱热处理多孔钛的表面生物活性

采用粉末冶金方法制备多孔钛样品，孔隙率约为40％，最大孔径为240μm。经过NaOH溶液、热处理后，多孔钛再在Na2HPO4溶液和饱和Ca(OH)2溶液中分别浸泡进行预钙化处理。未经预钙化处理的样品在SBF中浸泡，形成表面磷灰石涂层约需28d的时间。经过预钙化的样品在SBF中浸泡只需4d，这说明预钙化过程大大提高了多孔钛的生物活性。其作用机理为：预钙化过程中样品表面的钛酸钠水解，形成带负电的Ti-OH基团，使Ca^2 离子吸附到表面。在SBF中浸泡时，表面附近在短时间内达到钙一磷过饱和。且Ca^2 离子增大表面附近的DH值，Ca^2 离子和PO4^3-离子、OH^-离子的活度积增大，刺激了磷灰石成核并形成涂层。除碱热处理并预钙化的样品外，其余样品表面磷灰石的Ca／P原子比均小于人体自然骨的Ca／P原子比。涂层的结晶细小而薄，不破坏多孔钛的孔隙结构。     

热处理对ZAS35合金力学性能的影响

ZAS35合金是在Zn-Al合金的基础上研制的一种新型耐磨合金。利用SX-8-10型箱式电炉、JB30A冲击试验机和HB-3000型布氏硬度计研究了热处理前后ZAS35合金的性能。结果表明,ZAS35的最佳固溶处理工艺为:375℃×3h水淬。固溶处理使铸造合金的冲击韧度提高20%以上,强度和硬度提高15%以上。固溶处理后,采用175℃×1.5h空冷的时效工艺,冲击韧度比铸态提高45%以上。     

Identification of Heat Transfer Coefficients by Use Conditions of Quenching Oil

Heat transfer coefficients of the quench medium are necessary for heat-treatment simulation. Cooling characteristics of quenching oil vary with kinds and usage greatly. Users are selecting oil solutions that come up to their desired hardness and quenching distortion requirements. In particular cooling performance rises by agitation and decompression. Therefore we identified a heat transfer coefficient by usage and kinds of quenching oil. Cooling characteristics are different greatly by a kind of quenching oil. A difference of a cooling characteristic by a kind of oil depends on a temperature range of a boiling stage and the maximum heat transfer coefficient mainly. On the other hand, in a convection stage, there are few changes in a boiling stage. Even if quenching oil temperature is changed, heat transfer coefficients do not change greatly. When quenching oil stirred, heat transfer coefficients of vapor blanket stage and a convection stage rise, but there are a few changes in a boiling stage. When quenching oil is decompressed a temperature range of a high heat transfer coefficient moves to the low temperature side. In addition, a heat transfer coefficient in a vapor blanket stage comes down. For precision improvement of heat-treatment simulation, it is important that the heat transfer coefficient is calculated in conformity to the on-site use reality.     

热处理对Bi－Pb－Sr－Ca－Cu－O超导材料结构和超导性能的影响

利用原位电阻测量、热重分析、电镜观察和电子探针等多种实验手段研究了Ｂｉ_（１．６）Ｐｂ_（０．４）Ｓｒ_２Ｃａ_２Ｃｕ_３Ｏ_（１０＋δ）（下称ＢＰＳＣＣＯ）超导材料在不同温度（６５０—８００℃）和不同氧分压（氧气、空气和氮气）下热处理过程中结构变化及其对超导电性的影响，实验结果表明，在稍高氧分压下退火，２２２３相中的Ｐｂ￣（＋２）离子将失稳析出体外，生成类Ｃａ_２ＰｂＯ_４杂相，导致电阻率和重量增加，其调制结构由纯Ｐｂ型（ｑ＝βｂ）逐渐变为纯Ｂｉ型（ｑ＝βｂ＋ｃ），在低氧分压下退火，类Ｃａ_２ＰｂＯ_４杂相将分解，整个过程基本可逆．此外还发现，适度析出类Ｃａ_２ＰｂＯ_４杂相，２２２３母相的超导转变温度将增高，材料的电传输特性亦将得到改善．     

微波热处理对La-Ni-Pt纳米合金催化剂性质的影响

采用改进的多元醇还原法以乙二醇为反应介质、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为保护剂、水合肼为还原剂，制备出了AB，型La—Ni—Pt纳米合金催化剂。同时采用了液相微波高温高压热处理对样品进行合金化处理。并采用XRD、TEM、SEM研究了其对样品的晶相结构和微观形貌的影响。测量结果表明，与传统的高温固相热处理相比，液相微波热处理能在较低的温度400-600％和较短的时间120s使样品合金化，同时并没有引起样品的晶粒和颗粒的明显长大。将微波热处理过的样品和未经微波热处理过的样品作为PEMFC阳极催化材料，进行电池性能比较，测试结果表明了经过微波热处理的样品其电催化性能得到较大的提高。     

热处理对双相Mg-8Li-4Al-3Zn-La合金组织与性能的影响

分别对原始态的双相Mg-8Li-4Al-3Zn-La合金进行固溶及退火处理,通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜以及X射线衍射等方法研究合金在不同热处理状态下微观组织的变化,测定了合金硬度及拉伸性能并分析了断口。研究结果表明,经固溶处理后合金抗拉强度明显提高,由原来的194MPa提升到243MPa,延伸率由18%降至9%;而退火处理后其强度没有提升,塑性反而下降。此外,合金中两相组织与第二相分布具有明显差异,使得各相性能及其对热处理的反应不同。     

CuO formation control as a function of mixed ratio of Cu-free powders in the synthesis of YBCO superconductors on Cu substrates

YBa₂Cu₃O_x (Y123) superconducting films were fabricated on Cu substrates using a simple screen-printing method, from Cu-free powders (Y₂O₃ and BaCO₃). In the process, CuO, which causes superconducting properties of Y123 films to deteriorate, was formed on the film surface. By varying the atomic ratio of Y to Ba (Y:Ba = 1:1∼1:4), the ratio needed to prevent CuO formation was found for the film surface that had been heat-treated at 980^∘C for 17 s. The film, with the ratio of Y to Ba (Y:Ba = 1:1), is reheat-treated at 930^∘C for 9 min 30 s to form a superconducting Y123 phase. It was possible to prevent CuO formation by controlling the ratio of Cu-free powders in the mixture and to fabricate YBCO superconductors on Cu substrates using a two-step heat-treatment.