滑块式球形转子泵的振动抑制研究

滑块式球形转子泵结构简单,无工作死点且一周双排量,适用于超微型液压泵,但旋转盘的往复式运动和流量脉动会造成振动加剧。对球形泵进行动力学建模,得到活塞的惯性力偶矩,以及旋转盘运动时产生的陀螺力矩。由力矩曲线可知整体力矩大小取决于陀螺力矩。建立球形泵的容积方程,对其用插值法取得流量变化曲线。采用多泵合成的减振措施,抵消陀螺力矩和流量脉动,降低振动。通过ADAMS-Vibration对整机在力矩作用下的振动响应进行仿真,MATLAB模拟多泵的流量变化曲线,多泵的振动幅值和流量脉动均大幅减小,证明减振措施的有效性。     

往复式压缩机管道的振动分析及防振设计

对往复式压缩机管道振动原因分析可知,活塞在汽缸中进行周期性的往复运动,所引起的压力脉动是管道产生振动的主要原因。管道振动的第二个原因是管道系统的固有频率与机器的激振频率相等时,管道发生机械共振。根据API618规定,确定采用何种分析方法,提出在工程设计中应采取的合理防振措施。通过减振实例解决往复式压缩机管道的振动问题。     

压力脉动作用下管道的流固耦合瞬态分析

针对液压输流管内的压力脉动研究,提出流体压力脉动的计算方法和管道流固耦合分析的计算模型。对流体压力脉动进行编程,得到压力脉动作用产生激振力的变化。建立管道和流体实体模型,采用UDF技术将脉动压力编译到流体中,从而进行流固耦合瞬态力学分析,得到异径管和弯管处流体压力变化以及管道的应力和变形情况。研究结果表明:压力脉动沿管道传播发生衰减,其产生的激振力对弯管破坏较大;弯管段流体产生压力集中,进而引起弯管段变形大于异径管段。将压力脉动加载到管道中,对输流管道研究具有一定参考价值。     

Estimating teat canal cross-sectional area to determine the effects of teat-end and mouthpiece chamber vacuum on teat congestion

The primary objective of this experiment was to assess the effect of mouthpiece chamber vacuum on teat-end congestion. The secondary objective was to assess the interactive effects of mouthpiece chamber vacuum with teat-end vacuum and pulsation setting on teat-end congestion. The influence of system vacuum, pulsation settings, mouthpiece chamber vacuum, and teat-end vacuum on teat-end congestion were tested in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The low-risk conditions for teat-end congestion (TEL) were 40 kPa system vacuum (Vs) and 400-ms pulsation b-phase. The high-risk conditions for teat-end congestion (TEH) were 49 kPa Vs and 700-ms b-phase. The low-risk condition for teat-barrel congestion (TBL) was created by venting the liner mouthpiece chamber to atmosphere. In the high-risk condition for teat-barrel congestion (TBH) the mouthpiece chamber was connected to short milk tube vacuum. Eight cows (32 quarters) were used in the experiment conducted during 0400 h milkings. All cows received all treatments over the entire experimental period. Teatcups were removed after 150 s for all treatments to standardize the exposure period. Calculated teat canal cross-sectional area (CA) was used to assess congestion of teat tissue. The main effect of the teat-end treatment was a reduction in CA of 9.9% between TEL and TEH conditions, for both levels of teat-barrel congestion risk. The main effect of the teat-barrel treatment was remarkably similar, with a decrease of 9.7% in CA between TBL and TBH conditions for both levels of teat-end congestion risk. No interaction between treatments was detected, hence the main effects are additive. The most aggressive of the 4 treatment combinations (TEH plus TBH) had a CA estimate 20% smaller than for the most gentle treatment combination (TEL plus TBL). The conditions designed to impair circulation in the teat barrel also had a deleterious effect on circulation at the teat end. This experiment highlights the importance of elevated mouthpiece chamber vacuum on teat-end congestion and resultant decreases in CA.     

Parallel Operation of Centrifugal Pumps: Effects of Rotational Speed Differences due to Motor Slip

In industrial plants, centrifugal pumps are frequently operated in parallel configuration, not least for redundancy and operational reliability reasons. However, regarding the resulting pressure pulsations and energy consumption, this operation mode has so far not been in the focus of scientific studies. The object of the present article is to clarify the effect of parallel operation with respect to the observable pressure pulsations. Measurements were carried out with two identical centrifugal pumps operating in parallel mode in an industrial‐scale closed‐loop piping system. The results suggest that, regarding both the resulting pressure pulsations and the operating point of each pump, this operation mode is quite sensitive to smallest rotational speed deviations as they may occur due to different motor slip. The results indicate furthermore that, for minimum pressure pulsations, equal power consumptions of the two pumps are crucial, but not necessarily equal rotational speeds.     

斜盘连杆式海(淡)水柱塞泵的流量脉动分析

为降低柱塞泵的压力脉动,必须对其流量脉动有所了解.为此,在分析斜盘连杆式柱塞泵的柱塞运动特性的基础上,对具有不同柱寒数的柱塞泵的流虽脉动进行分析,并从理论和试验上阐述其与其他斜盘式柱塞泵在脉动率及脉动频率上的区别.分析结果为以后压力脉动的衰减提供了理论基础.     

外啮合齿轮泵变位系数对流量脉动的影响

推导了外啮合齿轮泵流量脉动的计算公式,分析了外啮合齿轮泵变位系数对流量脉动的影响。结果表明:流量脉动随齿轮模数的增大而减小;当采用高度变位齿轮正传动时,流量脉动随着变位系数的增大而明显减小。     

往复机气流脉动和管线振动的分析与控制技术

随着石化行业装置的大型化,往复压缩机的气流脉动和管线振动问题成为困扰整机性能的关键.本文对气流脉动和管线振动的危害,气流脉动、管线振动产生的机理、分析方法、步骤及技术,控制措施进行了阐述.提出利用DIGMO和CAESAR Ⅱ分析软件对压缩机管线的振动进行综合分析,可以实现了设计阶段对产品质量进行预期验证的目的,也可对在线设备的振动问题进行分析,并给出整改方案.     

离心式上充泵首级叶轮空化特性与试验研究

为研究和改善核电站离心式上充泵首级叶轮空化性能,采用数值模拟方法进行优化分析。将叶片数改为4片,研究了泵的最佳空化性能、扬程和效率。结果表明,最大流量工况点扬程模拟值与试验值的相对误差为2.9%,空化余量相对误差为3.6%,试验结果和模拟结果相吻合。将空化细分为初生空化、发展空化、临界空化、严重空化和断裂空化5个阶段,分析表明:初生空化时汽泡首先出现在叶片进口背面处,临界空化状态以后叶片工作面也开始出现汽泡;在发展空化到严重空化状态之间,空化和叶轮蜗壳动静干涉共同影响叶轮内的压力脉动规律;严重空化状态之后,空化成为主要影响因素,压力脉动变得相对稳定,叶轮进口和中部的压力脉动幅值明显减小,但叶轮出口处仍然保持较高幅值且比较规律的压力脉动。     

URANS simulation of the turbulent flow in a tight lattice: Effect of the pitch to diameter ratio

The turbulent flow in 37 rod bundles is investigated with CFD code FLUENT. The calculation results were validated with experimental data at first. Then the effects of diminishing rod-rod gap size on local flow, heat transfer and coherent structure in tight lattice are analyzed. The critical pitch to diameter ratio is next to 1.03. As the pitch to diameter ratio decreases from a high level to 1.03, the coherent structure and flow oscillation increase gradually. However, as the gap size continues decreasing, the coherent structure and flow oscillation decay very quickly. In the very narrow gap, the coherent structure is so weak that it could be neglected. The oscillations of velocity, wall shear stress and wall temperature are also very weak. But the spatial variation of the parameters in this gap is very significant.