Fabrication and Characterisation of Rutile-TiO_2 Coatings on Metallic Alloy Substrates

RUTILE-TJO2is a versatile material possessing manyinteresting physical,chemical,optical and dielectricproperties[l].It is also a good tribological material thatcan offer low friction and low wear rate[2,3].However,the application of rutile in the tribological field hasbeen limited to titanium alloys only so far,for example,by thermal oxidation of titanium alloys[4,5].Very fewinvestigations have been directed to the tribologicalapplications of rutile films on substrates other thantitanium al…     

High-temperature oxidation of pure titanium in CO2 and Ar-10%CO2 atmospheres

The oxidation behavior of pure titanium has been investigated in the temperature range of 1000 K to 1300 K in CO₂ or Ar-10%CO₂. Optical microscopy, electron probe microanalyses, and X-ray measurements on the oxide scales formed during oxidation indicate that their structures are nearly independent of temperature and the corrosion atmosphere. The scales consisted of two layers, an external one and an internal one, having a rutile (TiO₂) structure. The parabolic rate law was confirmed for growth of the external scale and the permeation depth of oxygen in titanium with apparent activation energies of 266 and 226 kJ/mol, respectively. The rate-determining diffusion species in the oxidation processes are discussed.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of ilmenite

The oxidation of ilmenite (FeTiO₃) in air and dry oxygen was investigated over the temperature interval 600 to 970°C. Dense platelets of ilmenite crystals as well as powder samples of ilmenite were oxidized. The weight data were recorded employing a thermobalance. The oxidation kinetics of ilmenite platelets were parabolic except for the initial stages during which logarithmic kinetics were observed. For powder samples the logarithmic rate law was followed primarily. The logarithmic rate law was attributed to free penetration of oxygen through cracks and short-circuit paths. The activation energies associated with the logarithmic rate law were nearly one-half of those obtained from parabolic oxidation. The growth morphology of the products of oxidation of ilmenite was observed with a scanning electron microscope. The effect of growth morphology on the kinetics is discussed, and a probable reaction mechanism is suggested for the oxidation of ilmenite.     

High-temperature oxidation of titanium carbide in oxygen

The kinetics of titanium carbide oxidation in oxygen over the temperature range of 600–1200°C and oxygen pressure from 0.1 to 740 Torr have been studied with a vacuum microbalance. Layer-by-layer x-ray analysis, petrography, metallography, and gas chromatography have been used to analyze the oxidation products. A paralinear nature of the oxidation of material was established, and the rate constants of the process were calculated for the corresponding parabolic and linear portions of the kinetic curves. It was shown that a gaseous product, CO₂, formed, as well as a solid product, TiO₂ (rutile), both stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric. The lower oxides, Ti₃O₅, Ti₂O₃, TiO, were noted in the scale at temperatures from 700 to 800° and low oxygen pressures, their relative quantity rising with decreasing pressure. Based on x-ray analysis and microhardness measurements, it was concluded that titanium oxicarbides formed in the TiC, directly adjacent to the scale. A possible oxidation mechanism of titanium carbide is proposed.     

细粒难选锐钛矿浮选试验研究

对TiO2品位为10.97%的某细粒复杂难选锐钛矿进行浮选试验研究.研究表明,试样磨矿细度为-0.043 mm占85.96%时,以碳酸钠将pH调至8.5,粗选采用羧甲基纤维素和氟硅酸钠为组合抑制剂,精选采用硫酸铝和淀粉为组合抑制剂,用乙酸铅作活化剂,用苄基胂酸和羟肟酸钠作组合捕收剂,经两次粗选、三次精选的浮选工艺,可得到产率为28.51%、TiO2品位为30.91%、回收率为80.32%的锐钛矿精矿,初步实现了细粒难选锐钛矿的选矿富集,为该矿的进一步深入研究及开发奠定了一定的基础,同时为伴生的V、Cr、Co等稀土元素的综合回收利用提供了一定的参考.研究结果表明：①锐钛矿的可浮性与金红石相似,Pb2＋离子同样是锐钛矿浮选的有效活化剂;②对嵌布粒度细、矿物组成复杂的难选矿,药剂的组合使用是使目的矿物以连生体的形式浮选富集的有效手段.     

由TiOSO4水解—沉淀制备TiO2薄膜

通过控制ＴｉＯＳＯ４的水解－沉淀反应条件，可控制基片上膜层粒子大小及其附着力，适量尿素加入可加快均匀成速度。根据ＳＥＭ断面观察与重量法相比较，表征了膜厚。适当反应条件下，反应１ｈ，干燥－煅烧制得的膜０．２μｍ以上；四次重复反应－煅烧，获得的膜这０．８μｍ以上。     

还原-锈蚀法生产人造金红石技术现状及攀钢采用该工艺可行性分析

主要介绍了国内外还原-锈蚀法生产人造金红石工艺技术特点，并对攀枝花钛资源采用还原．锈蚀法生产沸腾氯化钛原料——人造金红石的可行性进行了分析探讨。     

盐酸常压直接浸出攀西地区钛铁矿制备人造金红石

以攀西地区钛铁矿为原料，采用．盐酸常压直接浸出法制备高品位人造金红石。结果表明，原矿粒度及盐酸浓度对人造金红石品位影响最大。采用液固比4：1、盐酸浓度30％、温度95℃的条件，对于球磨4h钛精矿浸出4h可得到TiO2含量94．39％的人造金红石产品，对于未磨原矿浸出10h可得TiO2含量91．78％的人造金红石产品。     

选择氯化钛铁矿制取人造金红石

研究了选择氯化钛铁矿制取人造金红石反应的Ｆｅ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｏ２－Ｃｌ２系平衡图,计算了氧与某些氯化物相互作用的自由能变化,采用“通氧一步选择氯化法”,在钛铁矿原料中配加适量的碳,并往炉内通入相应量的氧气或空气,可以解决选择氯化“自热”反应持续进行的技术关键．对反应参数,如温度、配碳量、物料粒度、氯化时间和通氧量等均进行了实验室、半工业和工业化生产试验研究．研究证明,选择氯化过程的动力学模型是“固体颗粒粒度保持不变的缩核反应模型”,动力学区的活化能为３４．３３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ;扩散区的活化能为０．８０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．试验结果表明,这种选择氯化新工艺具有流程短、产能大、产品质量好、成本低、操作简单等优点．研究开发的无筛板沸腾氯化炉可以长期稳定地连续运转,生产出的人造金红石品位为９２．１０％．经摇床和磁选,品位达到９５％,钛的回收率和氯的利用率都大于９５％,床层单位炉产能达１２．４ｔ／ｍ２ｄ．该工艺和设备已成功地应用于工业生产．     

氮掺杂对金红石二氧化钛光电特性影响的理论研究

运用第一性原理LDA+U方法,计算不同浓度氮元素掺杂金红石相二氧化钛的能带结构、态密度和光学性质,研究显示氮元素的掺入使TiO_2-x N _x 体系带隙变窄。而O-2p与N-2p轨道杂化耦合在费米能级附近出现了杂质能级,促使载流子跃迁变容易,从而拓展了TiO_2-x N _x 体系对可见光的响应范围。此外,杂质能级对电子-空穴对的复合有抑制作用,对光催化活性的提升具有积极作用。研究结果表明,当氮元素掺杂量（x）为0.062 5时,TiO_2-x N _x 体系光吸收性能与光电响应较好。