瞄准镜瞄准训练模拟系统的设计与开发

介绍了一种新型的模拟训练系统的设计原理和实现过程。该系统使用计算机进行仿真,以基于Open—GL的三维动画为主要表现手段,通过使用该系统进行射击瞄准训练,能够使受训练人员熟练掌握多种轻武器瞄准镜的使用方法。     

激光傅里叶望远镜中重建图像矩阵规模的设定

为避免傅里叶望远镜重建图像压缩变形,依据激光发射孔径间距,提出了重建图像时矩阵行、列数间应满足的关系;为评价仿真或实验的成像效果,依据发射孔径间距和原目标图像矩阵大小,确定重建图像矩阵规模的具体大小。严格推导逆离散傅里叶变换在傅里叶望远镜中实现图像重建的过程,分析了其中所隐含的发射孔径间距和重建图像矩阵规模间的数量关系,得出两个限定关系公式。仿真和实验结果表明这两个公式可分别保证图像轮廓不产生畸变、重建目标矩阵与原始目标矩阵规模相同。     

空间太阳望远镜调焦机构的设计与分析

根据某型号空间太阳望远镜的光学系统特性与整机的结构方式,为了达到节约安装空间、保证成像质量的目的,设计了一种焦平面式调焦机构。该调焦机构由蜗轮蜗杆和凸轮滑槽作为传动件,将步进电机的圆周运动转化为焦平面法线方向的直线运动。调焦范围为1.5 mm,外形尺寸为167 mm×64 mm×94 mm,质量为2 kg,在底座背板和凸轮滑槽之间设有两个相邻的自润滑氮化硅压圈,可增加预紧力而不影响凸轮滑槽的转动,一定程度上提高了定位精度,减少了空回误差。详细介绍了调焦机构的设计方案、分辨率和自锁能力,对误差来源和理论定位精度以及有限元模型仿真进行了分析。最后对调焦机构进行了定位精度试验和振动试验,结果表明定位精度优于±4.5μm,一阶模态为349 Hz,与有限元仿真结果基本一致,具有良好的动态刚度,可以有效地避免共振现象的发生。振动试验前后对调焦机构的编码器码值进行记录,经对比可知其自锁性良好。该调焦机构具有体积小,刚度大,精度高的特点,可以很好的满足空间太阳望远镜的工作条件。     

柔性侧支撑在大型望远镜中的应用综述

阐述了目前大型望远镜口径的发展趋势,为保证镜面面形精度的前提下得出了柔性支撑是必不可少的环节这一现状。从力热耦合工况影响镜面面形的因素说明柔性技术在望远镜支撑系统中的必要性。概括了柔性支撑较于刚性支撑所具备的优势并且给出了柔性支撑设计时要遵循的几个原则。以柔性侧支撑为主介绍了三点切向支撑、边缘支撑、两脚架柔性支撑三种径向支撑形式,结合这三种支撑思想介绍国内外具有代表意义的几种大型望远镜中的应用实例。总结柔性支撑技术的应用领域及发展前景。希望能对柔性支撑技术的进一步发展提供一些借鉴意义。     

Geometry and optics calibration of WFCTA prototype telescopes using star light

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory （LHAASO） project is proposed to study high energy gamma ray astronomy （40 GeV–1 PeV） and cosmic ray physics （20 TeV–1 EeV）. The wide field of view Cherenkov telescope array, as a component of the LHAASO proje     

Dark matter in satellite galaxies: Will future Iimaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes play a role?

Addressing the question about the importance of future Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) for indirect detection of Dark Matter (DM), I will review the results of a paper by Bringmann et al. (2008) in which the authors computed the gamma-ray flux from DM annihilation associated to the halos of two reference dwarf Spheroidal galaxies, Draco and Willman 1. The previously neglected contribution of Virtual Internal Bremsstrahlung is also taken into account, which produces, when present, a bump in the higher part of the energy spectrum. The boost factor is the quantity used to describe how far the experiment is from probing interesting DM scenarios and it is computed for the next generation of IACTs, namely MAGIC-II and CTA. Due to the presence of spectral features, the boost factors can vary, becoming dependent to the characteristics of the particular DM candidate, obstacling a clear statement about prospects of detection. However, at least for the case of Willman 1 observed by CTA, boost factors may be below 10, even without considering the effect of substructures or the Sommerfeld enhancement. This, added to the comparison with the prospects of detection by the Fermi satellite, clearly demonstrate that the answer to the question in the title is an affirmative one.     

The Fermi Large Area Telescope as a cosmic-ray electron detector

Successfully launched into a low-Earth orbit on June 11, 2008, the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) is a pair conversion telescope specifically designed to survey the gamma-ray sky with unprecedented sensitivity and resolution. The broad list of exciting scientific results that the observatory has achieved in the first year of operation, though, is not limited to photon science, as it includes the first high-statistics measurement of the cosmic-ray electron spectrum for energies above 20 GeV. Here we thoroughly discuss the main aspects of the data analysis underlying this measurement and present the ongoing study aimed at lowering the energy threshold of the primary spectrum (measured by the LAT) as well as exploring the properties of the electron albedo population.     

变倍Maksutov-Cassegrain望远系统设计

基于系统要求以及Maksutov-Cassegrain望远物镜和变倍目镜的设计原理,设计了一种小型连续变倍Ma-ksutov-Cassegrain望远系统。为降低成本,系统中所有光学表面均采用球面。物镜部分采用弯月型厚透镜和一组双胶合透镜来更好地校正像差;目镜部分采用了无后固定组、像面在内的结构来缩短系统长度,并利用相关程序对变焦曲线进行了拟合。本系统通过目镜的连续变焦配合固定焦距的物镜实现了25～75倍的视觉放大倍率,各种像差都得到了很好的校正,满足指标要求。     

利用CCD实现望远系统视差自动测试的研究

视差现象的存在影响了望远系统测量瞄准的精度.针对平行光管法和视度筒法检测视差的局限性,提出了一种基于CCD图像传感器和数字图像处理技术的望远系统视差自动测试方法,论述并推导了视差的测试原理及公式,利用设计的测试系统实现了望远系统视差的数字化测试.给出的测试结果表明,与传统测试方法相比,该测试系统具有快速准确、定量直观的特点.最后分析了影响测试精度的因素.     

月基望远镜探测能力的地面标定

采用模拟试验在地面测试了月基望远镜(LOT)的星等探测信噪比及弥散斑能量集中度,用以验证望远镜的探测能力.与传统的通过分析CCD各项参数对噪声的影响来获得信噪比的方法不同,本文提出的方法客观、直接地通过图像信息来计算星点目标信噪比,其目标信噪比测试不确定度可优于8％.在测试弥散斑能量集中度时,通过质心算法求其弥散斑能量中心,进而提出了一种星点弥散斑高斯拟合方法来拟合弥散斑能量分布曲线.这种高斯拟合方法可使弥散斑能量集中度的测试精度提高10％.最后,通过试验测试了LOT相机星等探测信噪比及弥散斑能量集中度,验证了LOT相机+15 Mv的探测能力.