基于激光诱导击穿光谱的钢液成分在线监视

基于激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术对钢液中的Cr,Si和Mn 3种元素成分进行浓度在线监视。实验采用中频感应炉熔炼钢材,并在熔炼过程中添加一定量的添加料调整成分。采用研发的SIA-LIBS-02实验系统对炉中的钢液进行直接测量,研究了钢液温度和元素浓度对谱线强度的影响。结果表明,钢液温度对元素特征谱强影响严重,而且不同元素的谱强随温度变化不同,钢液中微量元素的检出能力要高于常温固态钢样;采用相对谱线强度能够补偿在线测量过程中的动态干扰,在保持钢液温度一致的情况下,能够成功在线监视钢液中Cr,Si和Mn元素的浓度变化。     

Quantitative analysis of the main components in ceramic raw materials based on the desktop LIBS analyzer

The concentrations of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, K2O, Na₂O, CaO, MgO, Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂, and loss on ignition (L.O.I.) are the main inorganic components of geological samples. Concentrations of the eight oxides and L.O.I. are also the main indicators of concern in the production of building ceramics. Quantitative analysis of the eight oxides and L.O.I. was performed using fiber-laser-based laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A combination of continuous background deduction, full width at half maximum (FWHM) intensity integral and spectral sum normalization was proposed for data processing. After the data processing combined the continuous background deduction, FWHM intensity integral and spectral sum normalization, the mean absolute errors (MAEs) of the calibration of L.O.I., SiO₂, Al₂O₃, K2O, Na₂O, CaO, MgO, Fe₂O3 and TiO₂ was reduced from 2.03%, 12.06%, 4.84%, 1.10%, 0.69%, 0.31%, 0.11%, 0.20% and 0.10% to 1.80%, 9.48%, 2.12%, 0.36%, 0.58%, 0.11%, 0.08%, 0.19% and 0.05%, respectively. This multivariate method was further introduced and discussed to improve the analysis performance. The MAEs of L.O.I., SiO₂, Al₂O₃, K₂O and Na₂O were further reduced to 1.12%, 2.07%, 1.38%, 0.35% and 0.43%, respectively. The results show that the overall prediction error can meet the requirements for the production of building ceramics. The LIBS desktop analyzer has great potential in detection applications on geological samples.     

A method of laser focusing control in microlaser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

This paper presents a method for the automatic adjustment of the laser defocusing amount in micro-laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. A microscopic optical imaging system consisting of a CCD camera and a 20× objective lens was adopted to realize the method. The real-time auto-focusing of the system was achieved by detecting the effective pixels of the light spot generated by the laser pointer. The focusing accuracy of the method could achieve 3 μm. The element concentrations of Mn and Ni in low-alloy steels were analyzed at a crater diameter of about 35 μm using the presented method. After using the presented method, the determination coefficients of Mn and Ni both exceeded 0.997, with the root-mean-square errors being 0.0133 and 0.0395, respectively. Scanning analysis was performed on the inclined plane and the curved surface by means of focusing control and non-focusing control. Ten characteristic spectral lines of Fe were selected as the analysis lines. With the focusing control, the average relative standard deviations obtained on the inclined plane and curved surface were both less than 5%, and much less than the values without focusing control, 14.6% and 40.39%.     

网络控制系统的增广状态极点配置设计法

参数时变系统可以通过增广状态法转换成一种标准形式．本文应用极点配置设计法，设计了基于网络控制系统标准形式模型的控制规律和观测器，并证明了分离定理仍然成立．仿真研究表明该设计方法应用到网络控制系统的有效性．     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术的废旧金属分类辨识

废旧金属回收是工业中金属的重要来源之一,是发展循环经济的重要内容。废旧金属产量巨大,通常表面覆盖杂质,凹凸不平,因此对分类方法的判别能力和计算速度提出较高要求。采用激光诱导击穿光谱技术研究分析了7种废旧金属分类识别问题,包括生铝、熟铝、镁、不锈钢、锌、黄铜与红铜。为了符合现场应用条件,实验中每个样本点只激发一次建立并分析了多种分类模型,包括支持向量机(SVM)分类模型,主成分分析方法结合支持向量机(PCA-SVM)分类模型,遗传算法结合支持向量机(GA-SVM)分类模型,遗传算法选择特征光谱结合主成分分析方法和支持向量机(GA-PCA-SVM)分类模型,以及遗传算法选择特征光谱结合主成分分析方法和人工神经网络(GA-PCA-BP)分类模型。通过遗传算法选取包含丰富特征的谱段组合与支持向量机方法相结合建立GA-SVM分类模型,490组验证样本分类准确率为93.47%。为了判断该模型的鲁棒性,对一批新样品,在自研的分选系统上以传送带匀速运行的方式进行测试,获取的750组光谱测试数据,分类准确率为88.27%,证明了该分类模型具有很好的移植性和应用性。     

小型石油荧光分析仪的研制与荧光法测油标准化讨论

中科院生态所谢重阁等同志与天津光学仪器厂合作,参照日立650—60荧光分光光度计测油功能器件的结构,研制出的 YZ—1型石油荧光分析仪及相应配套的分析方法,这是一项十分有意义的工作。由于该仪器结构简单、操作方使、测定数据可靠,可用于地质勘探、环境保护、油田开发等领域的油含量测定。这一研究成果也为荧光法作为我国油的标准检测方法提供了可靠的条件保证。     

激光诱导击穿光谱实验数据波动性的影响因素研究

由于激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)实验数据容易受各种实验条件的影响,所以采集的光谱数据相对标准偏差较大,导致后续的定量分析精度不高。本文采用激光诱导击穿光谱,以高合金钢样品中Si,Cr,Mn,Fe 4种元素的特征谱线为对象,系统的研究了各种可能引起光谱数据波动的因素,如激光能量及频率、收集位置、焦深等对光谱实验数据波动性的影响。实验发现,激光能量的稳定、合适的聚焦深度等都是提高灵敏度,降低光谱数据相对标准偏差(RSD)的有效手段,而改变信号采集位置及角度则影响不大。     

Characteristics of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of liquid slag

Rapid online analysis of liquid slag is essential for optimizing the quality and energy efficiency of steel production. To investigate the key factors that affect the online measurement of refined slag using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS), this study examined the effects of slag composition and temperature on the intensity and stability of the LIBS spectra. The experimental temperature was controlled at three levels: 1350 °C, 1400 °C, and 1450 °C. The results showed that slag composi...     

激光诱导击穿光谱液态金属成分在线分析仪在线监测熔融铝液中元素成分

目前在冶金及压铸行业,产品成分检测属于实验室离线分析,不能实时指导生产过程,而基于激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术自主研制的液态金属成分在线分析仪,可在线监测冶金工业现场中熔融金属的组分含量,实时指导生产过程,对提高产品质量和降低能源消耗起到重要作用。首先在研究实验室,利用固体LF6铝合金标准样品系列对LIBS液态金属成分在线分析仪进行了测试,验证了仪器的各项性能指标;随后在压铸车间现场,利用在光谱实验室通过火花放电原子发射光谱仪(Spark-OES)定值得到的现场样品的Si、Fe、Cu、Mn、Ti、Mg元素含量值对LIBS液态金属成分在线分析仪进行了标定;最后现场随机选取10个载有熔融铝液的铝包,采用LIBS进行在线分析,同时取样在光谱实验室进行离线对比分析。分析结果表明:10个熔融铝液样品中,Si、Fe、Cu、Mn、Ti在线分析结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)以2%左右居多,Mg的RSD值波动较大,且以10%左右为主;Si的相对偏差绝对值基本都小于2%,Fe、Cu、Mn、Ti的相对偏差绝对值也基本以小于5%为主,但Mg的相对偏差绝对值以大于20%居多。可见,除Mg元素外,LIBS液态金属成分在线分析仪的测量精密度、准确度都能满足工业现场要求,完全可以实现在线监测熔融铝液的成分,在提高生产效率的同时,降低了能源消耗。但Mg元素的精密度和准确度相对较差,有待进一步研究改进。     

改进16V240ZJ型柴油机调节齿杆防止飞车

通过改进喷油泵调节齿杆,即使某缸夹头销脱出,也不能卡住整个供油拉杆系统,从而使其它缸喷油泵调节齿杆仍能被拉回停油位,防止柴油机飞车。