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101.
102.
Coal-to-liquids (CTL) processes that generate synthetic liquid fuels from coal are of increasing interest in light of the substantial rise in world oil prices in recent years. A major concern, however, is the large emissions of CO2 from the process, which would add to the burden of atmospheric greenhouse gases. To assess the options, impacts and costs of controlling CO2 emissions from a CTL plant, a comprehensive techno-economic assessment model of CTL plants has been developed, capable of incorporating technology options for carbon capture and storage (CCS). The model was used to study the performance and cost of a liquids-only plant as well as a co-production plant, which produces both liquids and electricity. The effect of uncertainty and variability of key parameters on the cost of liquids production was quantified, as were the effects of alternative carbon constraints such as choice of CCS technology and the effective price (or tax) on CO2 emissions imposed by a climate regulatory policy. The efficiency and CO2 emissions from a co-production plant also were compared to the separate production of liquid fuels and electricity. The results for a 50,000 barrels/day case study plant are presented. 相似文献
103.
Various forms of additive modeling techniques have been successfully used in many data mining and machine learning–related
applications. In spite of their great success, boosting algorithms still suffer from a few open-ended problems that require
closer investigation. The efficiency of any additive modeling technique relies significantly on the choice of the weak learners
and the form of the loss function. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-resolution approach for choosing the weak learners
during additive modeling. Our method applies insights from multi-resolution analysis and chooses the optimal learners at multiple
resolutions during different iterations of the boosting algorithms, which are simple yet powerful additive modeling methods.
We demonstrate the advantages of this novel framework in both classification and regression problems and show results on both
synthetic and real-world datasets taken from the UCI machine learning repository. Though demonstrated specifically in the
context of boosting algorithms, our framework can be easily accommodated in general additive modeling techniques. Similarities
and distinctions of the proposed algorithm with the popularly used methods like radial basis function networks are also discussed. 相似文献
104.
Bhoi Ashok Kumar Kabat Manas Ranjan Nayak Suvendu Chandan Palai G. 《Wireless Networks》2022,28(8):3349-3366
Wireless Networks - Information Technology is now a revolution due to its user dependence for various services available over Internet through cloud computing (CC). The usability is now reached to... 相似文献
105.
Ganapati D. Yadav Payal A. Chandan Nirupama Gopalaswami 《Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy》2012,14(1):85-95
Escalating demand for biodiesel production has generated surplus glycerol. Therefore, the consumption of glycerol for valuable
conversions has become a global challenge. In an effort to convert glycerol, we have etherified it to make a biologically
active component, 3-(1-phenylethoxy) propane-1,2-diol. Etherification of glycerol with 1-phenyl ethanol was carried out by
using heterogeneous acid catalysts. The process is green and clean. Different types of heteropolyacids (HPAs) supported on
hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) and K-10 clay were prepared by incipient-wetness technique and screened to get high selectivity
towards monoether of glycerol. 20% w/w dodeca-tungstophosphoric acid (DTP)/HMS was found to be the best. The effects of various reaction parameters such as speed of agitation,
catalyst loading, mole ratio of reactants and temperature were evaluated systematically to prove that the reaction obeys Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson
(LHHW) type of mechanism. It was also observed that the reaction was free from any external mass transfer as well as intra-particle
diffusion limitations and was intrinsically kinetically controlled. An overall second order kinetic equation was used to fit
the experimental data, under the assumption that all the species are weakly adsorbed on the catalytic sites. Apparent activation
energy was estimated as 27.0 kcal/mol. Solvent-free condition for this reaction has also added the green chemistry perception
to the reaction. 相似文献
106.
Meshram Atul P. Gupta Abhay Srivastava Chandan 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2022,53(4):1430-1439
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Ni–P coatings with low P content (P wt pct < 1.0) were fabricated at different applied current densities of electrodeposition... 相似文献
107.
108.
A multi-objective optimization of oil well drilling has been carried out using a binary coded elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm.A Louisiana offshore field with abnormal formation pressure is considered for optimization.Several multi-objective optimization problems involving twoand three-objective functions were formulated and solved to fix optimal drilling variables.The important objectives are:(i) maximizing drilling depth,(ii) minimizing drilling time and (iii) minimizing drilling cost with fractional drill bit tooth wear as a constraint.Important time dependent decision variables are:(i) equivalent circulation mud density,(ii) drill bit rotation,(iii) weight on bit and (iv) Reynolds number function of circulating mud through drill bit nozzles.A set of non-dominated optimal Pareto frontier is obtained for the two-objective optimization problem whereas a non-dominated optimal Pareto surface is obtained for the three-objective optimization problem.Depending on the trade-offs involved,decision makers may select any point from the optimal Pareto frontier or optimal Pareto surface and hence corresponding values of the decision variables that may be selected for optimal drilling operation.For minimizing drilling time and drilling cost,the optimum values of the decision variables are needed to be kept at the higher values whereas the optimum values of decision variables are at the lower values for the maximization of drilling depth. 相似文献
109.
Swati Ray Chandan Das Sumita Mukhopadhyay S. C. Saha 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2002,74(1-4)
Amorphous to microcrystalline phase transition in hydrogenated silicon (Si:H) is realized separately with the variations of substrate temperature and hydrogen dilution. The Raman spectroscopy reveals structural transformations and marks the transition. It occurs at 450°C with 10% silane concentration, whereas that is noted at 250°C with a silane concentration of 4.5%. The material evolved in the transition region is a well-developed amorphous matrix containing a small fraction (12%) of crystallites. A uniform distribution of small (100 Å) crystallites in the films is observed by transmission electron microscopy. The transition material is photosensitive. 相似文献
110.
Nutritional and therapeutic qualities of fermented dairy products are reviewed. Partial hydrolysis of milk constituents (proteins, fats, and lactose) in yogurt, cheese, and other cultured dary foods appears to contribute to their increased digestibility. Lactase and other constituent enzymes of various culturing organisms should contribute to assimilation of lactose by lactose intolerant individuals. Several lactic cultures synthesize certain B-vitamins in fermented dairy products. In contrast, directly acidified dairy products do not exhibit such enhancement in B-vitamins. The hypocholestremic effect of milk is enhanced by fermentation or inclusion of lactic cultures. Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and other lactic organisms produce antimicrobial agents and natural antibiotics. However, production of natural antibacterial substances by different strains of the same species vary widely. These metabolites in cultured dairy products may be responsible for increased shelf life of the foods by inhibiting a wide spectrum of food spoilage organisms. Also, consumption of cultured products containing such natural antibacterial substances may provide the consumer with protection against disease organisms. Unfermented milk containing a specific culture or strain may be consumed to invest organisms for projected beneficial effects. 相似文献