以创新的理念搞好热力学第二定律及其工程应用的教学

热力学第二定律是化工热力学核心教学内容之一,是工业装置用能标定和评价的基础,因此如何在本科热力学教学中说清热力学第二定律,掌握其工程应用方法显得尤为重要.作者根据多年的实际教学经验,从熵的基本概念、定性与定量表达方法出发,引申出熵产、理想功、损失功和有效能等基本热力学量,并将其应用于评价实际化工单元过程和装置组合.     

高分子材料的微孔发泡方法

介绍了微孔发泡高分子材料的成型方法 ,成型原理和成型工艺及设备。     

水热法制备锰锌铁氧体纳米晶

以水热法制备了粒径为20－40nm的锰锌铁氧体纳米晶，以XRD、SEM、磁强计等对产物做了表征，分析了影响锰锌铁氧体纳米晶的因素。结果表明，在T≥150℃,t≥5h条件下，均能得到阵锌铁氧体纳米晶粉末。T＝450℃时制备的纳米晶的磁强度最高；添加剂能改善水热体系的均匀性，使产物分布均匀、晶相单一、团聚少。     

二氧化氯消毒技术及在医院污水处理中的应用

介绍二氧化氯消毒的性能特点，分析讨论二氧化氯消毒杀菌原理，，给出了化学法制备二氧化氯的化学反应方程式及二氧化氯发生器的工艺原理图，结合实际介绍生化－二氧化氯消毒工艺在医院污水处理中的应用情况，并进行了经济效益分析。     

临汾市大气环境容量预测研究

本研究根据临汾市自然环境、污染气象特征、大气环境质量现状、区域污染源分布等现有信息,建立了用于大气环境质量预测的A值法模型与多源模型,结合大气环境质量标准计算了临汾市的大气环境容量。研究结果表明,多源模型能够综合考虑各类影响因素,对污染物浓度具有较高的预测准确度,能有效地应用于大气环境容量计算中。     

Three-dimensional simulation using fixed coarse-grid thermal-fluid scheme and conduction heat transfer scheme in distinct element method

Three-dimensional simulation using particle-thermal-fluid coupling scheme with a mixed Lagrangian-Eulerian approach is presented and the scheme is described by extending author's previous research [Y. Shimizu, 2004. “Fluid Coupling in PFC2D and PFC3D”, numerical modeling in micromechanics via particle methods—2004, Proceeding of 2nd International PFC Conference, Balkema, 2004, pp. 281-287]. The scheme solves the continuity, Navier-Stokes (N-S) and thermal energy equations numerically in Eulerian Cartesian coordinates, then derives pressure, velocity vectors and temperature for each fixed cell by considering particle existence. On the other hand, driving forces and thermal energy from fluid are applied to the particles as external body forces and a source term in the force-displacement law and the heat transfer calculations, respectively. This paper describes the thermal scheme for both fluid and particles. Results of two- and three-dimensional simulations involving forced convective heat transfer by fluid and conduction heat transfer within particles are presented.     

Modified Indigo Method For Gaseous And Aqueous Ozone Analyses

The indigo method developed by Bader and Hoigné for aqueous ozone analysis was modified to allow for both gaseous and aqueous ozone determination. Gas or water samples were extracted with a gas-tight syringe containing a known volume of indigo reagent. The modified procedure provided a more consistent basis for gaseous and aqueous ozone determination allowing for more accurate ozone mass balance calculations. Direct gaseous ozone UV absorbance with molar absorptivity of 3,000 M^?1cm^?1 at 258 nm was used as primary standard to determine the molar absorptivity of the indigo reagent. The molar absorptivity of indigo reagent, assuming a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio for the reaction between indigo and ozone, was determined to be 23,150 ± 80 M^?1cm^?1, or approximately 16 percent higher than that of 20,000 M^?1cm^?1 suggested by Bader and Hoigné. An independently calibrated membrane-electrode ozone monitor showed good correlation with indigo method results using the molar absorptivity value determined in this study. The apparent molar absorptivity of aqueous ozone at the wavelength of 258 nm measured by the modified indigo method increased from 2,400 to 3,600 M^?1cm^?1 in the investigated ozone concentration range of 0.4 to 11.0 mg/L. This variation might have been caused by the inherent interference of unidentified ozone byproducts, which presence was supported with scanning spectra in the wavelength range of 200 to 300 nm.     

血细胞特性曲线拟合方法的研究

针对血液分析仪对血细胞各个参数检测线性偏差较大的问题,提出一种血细胞特性曲线分段拟合算法。根据血液分析仪检测值与理论值的对应关系,针对不同段的数据,进行分段线性拟合,再根据2条线性曲线段衔接处的3个数据点,采用最小二乘法多项式拟合算法进行过度曲线拟合,实现不同线性段间的平滑过渡,从而避免不同曲线交叉点的跳跃现象。实验结果表明,该方法简单、实用,拟合后的血细胞线性偏差优于血液分析仪行业标准的要求,满足临床应用的需要。     

化学法处理电镀工业园生产废水技术应用

本文介绍化学法处理电镀废水的应用实例。通过对废水中污染物去除效果的分析,说明该工艺处理电镀废水效果好,运行稳定,操作简单,适宜处理电镀工业园的生产废水。     

注塑模浇口位置优化新方法--经验搜索法

将数值模拟技术和优化算法相结合，提出了基于数值模拟技术的浇口位置的优化方法：经验搜索法。并对浇口位置与塑件质量关系进行了分析和总结，归纳出浇口位置设计的基本原则，提出了确定各类塑件浇口位置的具体准则。通过算例分析和方案比较，证明所提出的优化方法是行之有效的。