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101.
Jitan Zhang Danyang Li Hui Chen Binjie Wang Zhanxiang Liu Yuhong Zhang 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》2016,358(5):792-807
A highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of pyrrolidones by the copper‐catalyzed alkynylation/annulation of aliphatic amides with alkynyl carboxylic acids is discussed in this paper. A broad range of easily accessible alkynyl carboxylic acids were introduced at the β‐methyl group of aliphatic amides with the assistance of an 8‐aminoquinolyl auxiliary group via decarboxylation to achieve the subsequent cyclic C N bond formation within one hour. High selectivity of β‐methyl groups over methylene groups was observed, and the extension of this catalytic system to the activation of methylene C H bonds failed. The substrates with two different groups at the α‐position of the aliphatic amides lead to the formation of diastereoisomers which is determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The initially produced products with Z‐configurations can be easily transformed to the corresponding products with E‐configurations by the treatment with dilute p‐toluenesulfonic acid after the reaction. This catalytic tandem decarboxylative cyclization provides a new opportunity for the direct functionalization of sp3 C H bonds.
102.
The palladium‐catalyzed ketone‐directed dual sp2 C H activation and sp3 C H functionalization has been applied for fullerene functionalization for the first time. The sec‐alkyl aryl ketones have been exploited to react with [60]fullerene (C60) to provide the novel and scarce C60‐fused tetralones. The combined use of a highly active cationic palladium(II) catalyst and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is crucial for the improvement of the reaction yield. A plausible reaction mechanism leading to the observed products has been proposed, and the electrochemistry of the fullerene products has also been investigated.
103.
Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan Ramajayam Kuppusamy Sekar Prakash Chien‐Hong Cheng 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》2016,358(5):774-783
A green atom‐economical method for the synthesis of highly functionalized 1‐amino and 1‐carbon substituted isoquinolines from the reaction of N′‐hydroxybenzimidamides and aryl ketoximes, respectively, with alkynes via pentamethylcyclopentadienylcobalt(III)‐catalyzed C H/N O bond activation is described. The external oxidant‐free annulation reaction uses the =NOH moiety in N′‐hydroxybenzimidamides or N‐aromatic ketone oximes as the directing group and internal oxidant. This first row transition metal‐catalyzed annulation serves as an efficient alternative for the synthesis of isoquinolines, as water is the only by‐product and expensive noble metals such as rhodium(III), iridium(III), palladium(II), and ruthenium(II) are not required. The reaction proceeds via C H activation, alkyne insertion, reductive elimination, and N O activation.
104.
Copper salts, which are abundant, relatively inexpensive and possess low toxicity, have long been used as versatile catalysts for various reactions in organic synthesis. Recently, the development of Cu‐catalyzed or ‐mediated C H functionalization reactions has gained significant attention. Since the pioneering work of Daugulis on the introduction of 8‐aminoquinoline and picolinic acid auxiliaries as removable directing groups in transition metal‐catalyzed C H bond activations, the combination of copper salts with these bidentate directing groups has emerged as an innovative strategy for the construction of carbon‐carbon or carbon‐heteroatom bonds through C H bond cleavage. In addition to the 8‐aminoquinoline and picolinamide systems, several other bidentate directing groups including the 2‐aminophenyloxazoline group by Yu and Dai and the PIP system by Shi, have been developed as well. This review intends to cover most of the recent advances on copper‐catalyzed or ‐mediated direct sp2 and sp3 C H bond functionalizations assisted by these bidentate directing groups. The major achievements in this area are discussed and catalogued by the type of bonds formed (C C, C O, C N, C S, C P etc.). Special attention is paid to the reaction mechanisms. Selected examples of substrates are listed as well. In addition, a personal outlook is given at the end.
105.
Huan Sun Yi Zhang Ping Chen Yun‐Dong Wu Xinhao Zhang Yong Huang 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》2016,358(12):1946-1957
The direct functionalization of inert sp3 C H bonds is limited to a few bond types. Although the activation of sp3 C H bonds can be accomplished under mild conditions using palladium catalysts, the subsequent functionalization is not trivial due to the high energy required to convert palladium(II) to palladium(IV). We have systematically studied the palladium oxidation using computation‐guided experiments for reactions involving strong chelation control. We find that a mild external ligand could significantly accelerate the oxidation of palladium(II) to palladium(IV) for strong bidentate directing groups. The acceleration is believed to be a result of ligand stabilization of both the palladium(II) and palladium(IV) intermediates.
106.
Wengang Xu Jie Hui Pek Naohiko Yoshikai 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》2016,358(15):2564-2568
We report here that a cobalt catalyst generated from a cobalt(II) salt and a ligand using magnesium metal is capable of promoting hydroarylation reactions through chelation‐assisted C−H activation. With the appropriate choice of the ligand and other reaction conditions, ketimine‐ or aldimine‐directed branched selective hydroarylations of styrenes and ketimine‐directed hydroarylations of vinylsilane have been achieved. The reported catalytic systems may serve as more convenient alternatives to previously developed catalytic systems employing Grignard reagents as reducing agents.
107.
Zechao Wang Yahui Li Fengxiang Zhu Xiao‐Feng Wu 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》2016,358(17):2855-2859
With molybdenum hexacarbonyl as the carbon monoxide source, a general palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative transformation of the C−H bond on aromatic rings to produce esters has been developed. Good yields of the corresponding products have been obtained with wide functional group tolerance and excellent regioselectivity. A variety of aliphatic alcohols are suitable reactants here.
108.
Hyeim Jo Jihye Park Miji Choi Satyasheel Sharma Mijin Jeon Neeraj Kumar Mishra Taejoo Jeong Sangil Han In Su Kim 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》2016,358(17):2714-2720
The ruthenium(II)‐ or rhodium(III)‐catalyzed pyrimidinyl‐directed Grignard‐type C−H additions of N‐heterocycles with activated aldehydes and ketones are described. A cationic ruthenium catalyst and sodium acetate additive in dichloroethane as solvent were found to be optimal catalytic system for the construction of C‐7 alkylated indolines. In sharp contrast, a cationic rhodium complex allows the generation of C‐2 alkylated indoles and pyrroles as well as C‐1 alkylated carbazoles. The site‐selective C−H functionalization of these heterocyclic scaffolds could be an important asset towards the development of novel bioactive compounds.
109.
为了提高Cu/ZrO2催化剂在二氧化碳加氢制甲醇中的催化活性,制备了一系列不同Si/Zr的Si-ZrO2载体并负载5%(质量分数)Cu得到了Cu/Si-ZrO2催化剂。对所制备的催化剂进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸脱附(BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、二氧化碳程序升温脱附(CO2-TPD)及高分辨透射电子显微镜 (HRTEM) 的表征。结果表明,Si的掺杂使得Cu/ZrO2体系获得了稳定的晶相,大的比表面积和更多的碱性位点,尤其是中强碱性位点,同时产生了更多的氧空位,促进了CO2的吸附和转化,因此得到了更高活性的催化剂。当Si与Zr的摩尔比为0.2时,在质量空速为6000 ml·g-1·h-1,温度为220℃、压力为3.0 MPa,V(H2)∶V(CO2)=3∶1(体积比)条件下,催化剂的CO2转化率为4.6%,CH3OH选择性为85%。 相似文献
110.
亚硫酸盐作为一种脱硫副产物,具有价格低廉、毒性低、制备简便等优点,可被活化产生硫酸根自由基( )、亚硫酸根自由基( )、过氧硫酸根自由基( )和羟基自由基(OH?)等多种氧化电位高的活性物质,能够快速高效地氧化降解各种有机污染物。因此,亚硫酸盐被视为更经济环保的过硫酸盐替代品。本文综述了亚硫酸盐活化技术的研究进展,包括过渡金属离子活化、紫外光辐射活化和含氧金属酸盐活化等;详细介绍了过渡金属活化亚硫酸盐发生自由基链式反应和紫外辐射亚硫酸盐光解生成自由基等亚硫酸盐活化机理;并归纳总结了亚硫酸盐高级氧化法处理各类有机废水的研究现状。目前,该技术在处理多种难降解废水方面有着显著的效果,但大多数研究仍停留在实验阶段,且处理对象单一,在实际废水处理方面研究尚少。 相似文献