Analyzing the behaviors of virtual cells (VCs) and traditional manufacturing systems: Ant colony optimization (ACO)-based metamodels

The aim of this paper is two fold. First we investigate the three different types of systems, namely cellular layout (CL), process layout (PL) and virtual cells (VCs). VCs are addressed by using family-based scheduling rule, developed by a part allocation algorithm in a PL. Simulation is used to compare three types of systems under the performance metrics such as mean flow time and mean tardiness. Results indicate that VCs have better responsiveness in terms of the performance metrics. Second we develop a new ant colony optimization-based metamodels fed by existing simulation runs to represent the prospective simulation runs, which require a lot of time and effort. Regression metamodels, which allow us to obtain much faster results, are seen to be promising to estimate the systems behaviors.     

基于改进蚁群算法的移动机器人路径规划研究

为解决传统蚁群算法收敛速度慢、极易陷入局部最优解的问题,文中提出了一种改进蚁群算法,并将其应用于移动机器人路径规划问题。蚁群算法的路径规划采用栅格法建立环境模型,并对障碍物进行扩大处理,从而有效降低了移动机器人在运动过程中与障碍物相碰撞的可能性;构造启发函数以降低蚁群搜索路径的长度;引入信息素扩散算法,并提高算法在初期的全局搜索能力,从而加快了算法的后期收敛速度。仿真结果表明,所提出的算法在收敛速度上比传统蚁群算法提高近一倍,可以规划出最优路径。     

云计算环境下任务调度算法的研究

在云计算环境中存在庞大的任务数,为了能更加高效地完成任务请求,如何进行有效地任务调度是云计算环境下实现按需分配资源的关键。针对调度问题提出了一种基于蚁群优化的任务调度算法,该算法能适应云计算环境下的动态特性,且集成了蚁群算法在处理NP-Hard问题时的优点。该算法旨在减少任务调度完成时间。通过在CloudSim平台进行仿真实验,实验结果表明,改进后的算法能减少任务平均完成时间、并能在云计算环境下有效提高调度效率。     

活性酸乳中每种益生菌总数的同时计数法

益生菌酸奶的营养作用和保健功能决定于成品中必须含有一定数量级的活性益生菌数.本实验通过研究分析活性酸奶中嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌(LGG菌)、干酪乳杆菌等乳酸菌在BBL.平板培养基上的菌落特征及菌体形态,提出了一种可同时准确计数每种益生菌总数的新方法,该方法可直观地观察到各种益生菌的生长活度,免除了传统方法计数不同益生菌总数要用不同培养基的繁琐,为快速鉴定益生菌酸奶品质好坏和保健功能活性高低提供了检测依据.     

基于改进蚁群算法的协作学习分组研究

协作学习中根据学习者的特征进行有效分组对于提高学习者的学习效率具有重要的作用。基于学习者的学习能力、兴趣爱好和理解水平,在基于蚁群算法的协作学习分组中,以学习者特征相似度值作为启发信息,并针对蚁群算法可能出现的早熟收敛和停滞现象,分别在初期加入判断回退机制和在中后期对启发因子及期望因子进行动态调节以保证分组结果的准确性。模拟实验结果表明该算法在分组性能及准确性上均优于传统算法。     

近红外光谱的苹果内部品质在线检测模型优化

利用近红外光谱技术在线检测水果内部品质的关键是获取精度高稳健性好的定量分析模型。研究开发了短波近红外光谱苹果品质在线检测系统,试验时苹果样本传输速度为5个/s,以漫反射方式采集,有效光谱范围为500~1100 nm。经光谱强度标准化校正后,有比较的采用遗传算法、连续投影算法和蚁群优化算法等提取特征变量,分别建立偏最小二乘模型,同时分析了这三种方法提取光谱特征变量的搜索机制。特征变量提取方法建立的预测模型所用变量显著减少,预测效果均优于全光谱模型,且能提高运算速度,增强模型的稳健性;其中又以蚁群优化算法的模型预测能力最佳,预测集相关系数R为0.9358,预测均方根误差RMSEP为0.2619。研究结果表明,近红外光谱结合特征变量提取方法可以建立高效的苹果可溶性固形物含量在线检测模型,在产业化应用方面具有很大潜力。     

基于改进蚁群算法激光导航轮式机器人路径规划

针对激光导航轮式机器人在复杂环境中路径规划原始算法存在路径较长和收敛速度较慢的问题,提出了一种改进蚁群算法。在实际算法中,先利用MAKLINK图论建立AGV运行环境的空间模型,接着用Dijkstra算法搜索优化路径;然后,在Dijkstra算法的基础上采用蚁群算法搜索最优路径;紧接着,在改进蚁群算法中,优先选择搜索前后两节点同起点到终点夹角一致或相差不大的后一个搜索节点,获取新的信息素更新策略,并进行角度的初始化和信息素计算;最后,在Matlab上完成算法的编写并得到仿真结果。结果表明,改进蚁群算法路径优化性能更好,对实际环境中机器人的路径规划具有指导意义。     

Multi-objective optimal design of braced frames using hybrid genetic and ant colony optimization

In this article, multi-objective optimization of braced frames is investigated using a novel hybrid algorithm. Initially, the applied evolutionary algorithms, ant colony optimization (ACO) and genetic algorithm (GA) are reviewed, followed by developing the hybrid method. A dynamic hybridization of GA and ACO is proposed as a novel hybrid method which does not appear in the literature for optimal design of steel braced frames. Not only the cross section of the beams, columns and braces are considered to be the design variables, but also the topologies of the braces are taken into account as additional design variables. The hybrid algorithm explores the whole design space for optimum solutions. Weight and maximum displacement of the structure are employed as the objective functions for multi-objective optimal design. Subsequently, using the weighted sum method (WSM), the two objective problem are converted to a single objective optimization problem and the proposed hybrid genetic ant colony algorithm (HGAC) is developed for optimal design. Assuming different combination for weight coefficients, a trade-off between the two objectives are obtained in the numerical example section. To make the final decision easier for designers, related constraint is applied to obtain practical topologies. The achieved results show the capability of HGAC to find optimal topologies and sections for the elements.     

基于人工蜂群算法的直流接地极优化选址

为有预见性地防御直流偏磁危害,在新建直流接地极初期应对直流接地极进行优化选址。考虑母线电压、发电机功率以及变压器因直流电流额外消耗的无功功率等参数,提出了基于人工蜂群算法的直流接地极优化选址方法,并量化了直流电流对交流电网的影响,最终通过IEEE 118节点及某实际电网两个工程算例验证了人工蜂群优化选址方法的可行性。研究结果为直流接地极优化选址、防御直流偏磁危害、降低直流电流对交流系统的影响提供了可能。