考虑渗流与蠕变耦合作用的水库滑坡变形数值分析

水库滑坡土体的变形主要是流固耦合作用的结果,但是变形并不是立刻发生的,大都经历了一个时间发展的过程,具有典型的流变特性。本文基于某滑坡土体的蠕变试验结果,推导了扩展的Burgers蠕变模型（M-2K）,并将其推广至三维形式,应用蠕变试验数据对推导的M-2K蠕变模型进行拟合,求得了蠕变模型参数。在传统的流固耦合分析中引入了时间变量关系,构建了渗流与蠕变耦合作用的数学模型,对其进行有限元求解,并应用matlab软件编写了有限元程序。以三峡库区白家包滑坡为例,应用该程序分别对滑坡体进行了考虑蠕变及不考虑蠕变的流固耦合计算。研究结果表明：三维形式的M-2K蠕变模型拟合程度较高,能反映土体的蠕变性质;有限元计算结果说明考虑渗流与蠕变耦合作用下孔压减少值大于不考虑耦合作用下时;选取关键点的耦合及非耦合条件位移计算结果与实际的GPS位移进行比较,两种计算值与实际监测值变形趋势基本一致,考虑渗流与蠕变耦合条件下两个监测点的位移值比不考虑耦合时大,而且与实际值比较接近。研究结论表明：所建立的渗流与蠕变耦合数学模型是合理的,有限元数值求解程序是正确的,该成果为水库滑坡的预测与预报提供了更加合理和更加精确的新途径。     

F2311含量对TATB基PBX蠕变性能的影响

以TATB基高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)为原配方,制备了含氟弹性体(F2311)含量分别为0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%的4种改性配方,采用动态力学分析仪研究了F2311对PBX的三点弯曲蠕变性能影响。结果发现,加入0.4%的F2311使TATB基PBX的抗蠕变性能下降,减少F2311含量有利于提高其抗蠕变性能。含0.05%F2311的改性配方PBX在60℃/6 MPa下的蠕变应变略低于原配方。研究同时采用六元件模型对TATB基PBX及其改性配方的蠕变行为进行模拟。得到了蠕变曲线的本构方程,理论预测模型和试验数据吻合良好。根据时温等效原理,获得了TATB基PBX及其改性配方在参考温度30℃下的蠕变柔量主曲线,结果表明含0.05%F2311的TATB基PBX改性配方的长期抗蠕变性能优于原配方PBX。     

非等温蠕变时效对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响

研究了非等温蠕变时效处理中升温速率和峰值温度对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金回弹性能、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。通过透射电镜分析了合金的析出行为和时效强化机理。结果表明：随着加热速率的降低和峰值温度的升高,合金的回弹率降低;晶内析出相的尺寸增大,而体积分数先增大后减小;晶界析出相逐渐变得不连续,无析出区扩大。经非等温蠕变时效（20℃/h,180℃）处理后的合金主要析出相为致密的η’相,晶界析出相不连续,无析出区的宽度约为44.2 nm。非等温蠕变时效（20℃/h,180℃）处理的合金力学性能和耐腐蚀性能均优于常见的等温蠕变时效（120℃,24 h）处理的合金,并且时效时间缩短了67%。     

重组竹在长期荷载作用下的蠕变行为

通过长期荷载作用下的拉伸与压缩蠕变试验,研究了重组竹在不同应力水平下的蠕变行为特点及变化规律.分别釆用Burgers模型和Findley幂律模型对重组竹在长期荷载作用下的蠕变曲线进行拟合,确定了重组竹蠕变模型,分析了Burgers模型和Findley幂律模型的相关系数及变化规律.结果表明:在不同应力水平下,重组竹蠕变应变-时间曲线均呈现出相似的变化趋势,均包含瞬态蠕变和稳态蠕变阶段;采用Burgers模型和Findley幂律模型都能很好地模拟重组竹的蠕变性能;瞬间弹性形变、延迟弹性形变和黏性流动形变均随应力水平的增加而增大.高应力水平下的蠕变可导致重组竹构件破坏,在设计时应合理地控制应力水平.     

废弃纤维再生混凝土受压徐变及预测模型

为研究再生粗骨料替代率、废弃纤维体积掺入量对废弃纤维再生混凝土受压徐变破坏时间、徐变变形和徐变度的影响规律,对普通混凝土、再生混凝土和废弃纤维再生混凝土试件在实验室条件下进行了85%、90%和95%应力水平的徐变试验。试验结果表明：随着再生粗骨料替代率的增加,徐变破坏的时间缩短、徐变变形及徐变度增大;随着废弃纤维体积掺入量的增加,徐变变形及徐变度减小,徐变破坏时间增加。废弃纤维的加入能有效缓解再生混凝土受压徐变的破坏程度。在考虑再生粗骨料替代率及废弃纤维体积掺入量的基础上,对ACI209R徐变预测模型进行修正,模型预测结果与试验值吻合较好。     

Mechanistic procedure for parameter determination of multiplicative decomposition based constitutive models

By exploiting the Clausius–Planck local energy dissipation inequality, a large strain, three-dimensional constitutive model has been developed for the monotonic and cyclic response prediction of various asphaltic materials. The model consists of a Zener non-linear, visco-elastic component acting in series with a stress dependent viscous component. A novel computational scheme has been developed for solution of the coupled system of equations expressing the interdependent response of these two in series components. An explicit, mechanistic, parameter determination procedure is presented for the laboratory determination of all necessary model parameters. Examples of model parameter determination and utilisation for prediction of the response of a recycled asphalt mix and a stone mastic asphalt mix are presented.     

工艺参数对蠕变时效2124铝合金力学性能和微观组织的影响

研究2124铝合金在蠕变时效过程中工艺参数对力学性能和微观组织的影响。结果表明，蠕变量和蠕变速率随着时效时间、温度、应力的增大而增大。硬度随着时间和应力的增加呈类似于先增加后减小的趋势。在实验温度185～195℃范围内，温度对硬度的影响不大。当蠕变条件为200MPa、185℃、8h时，试样得到最佳的力学性能，此时试样基体内同时存在强化相S＂相和S＇相。透射电镜观察表明外加应力能促进析出相的析出和长大，基体中没有发现明显的应力位向效应。     

Effect of heat treatment on the creep behavior of α/β SiAlON sintered with multication oxide sintering additives

SiAlONs are important materials for high-temperature applications and creep properties of SiAlONs are largely controlled by the amount and type of sintering additives. It has been established that heat treatment can reduce the amount of amorphous intergranular phase through crystallization. However, there is no study on the creep behavior of heat-treated SiAlON ceramics containing multication sintering additives. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the creep properties of multication containing (Y-Sm-Ca oxides) α/β-SiAlON ceramics. The heat treatments of the sintered samples were carried out at 1600°C for 2 hours. The creep tests were carried out in the range 1300-1400°C under different loads (50-150 MPa). The existing phases and the microstructures of samples before and after creep were investigated using XRD and SEM techniques. It was found that heat treatment resulted in a better creep performance compared to as-sintered samples. The activation energy and stress exponent for heat-treated SiAlONs were also calculated as 708 ± 45 kJ/mol and 1.4, respectively. Compared to the sintered sample values, the results suggested that the acting creep mechanism of grain-boundary sliding and cavitation was reduced with the heat treatment.     

Mg-5Y-3Sm-0.8Ca-0.5Sb合金的高温蠕变行为

采用蠕变实验和理论计算,研究了时效态Mg-5Y-3Sm-0. 8Ca-0. 5Sb合金在250～300℃和50～70 Pa条件下的蠕变行为。结果表明,该合金具有良好的抗高温蠕变性能,其在300℃和70 MPa下的稳态蠕变速率为3. 28×10-8s-1。在50～70 MPa的应力下,当温度由250℃升到300℃时,应力指数由2. 30变为3. 22;在250～300℃的温度下,当应力由50 MPa升到70 MPa时,蠕变激活能由65. 4 kJ/mol变为81. 0 kJ/mol。