膨胀石墨CuCl2-EGICs的微观结构TEM研究

采用透射电镜研究了以膨胀石墨为主体材料合成的ＣｕＣｌ２－ＥＧＩＣｓ微观结构,包括垂直和平行石墨碳原子层的层间结构,层面结构,根据Ｘ射线衍射参数计算获得２、３、４阶ＣｕＣｌ２－ＥＧＩＣｓ的层间距Ｉｃ值,与理论计算值近拟。     

Heat-induced Egg White Gels as Affected by pH

The functional properties of heat-induced egg white gels were investigated at five pH values. Textural characteristics were determined using the Instron Universal Machine. Hardness, elasticity, cohesiveness, chewiness, and fracturability were maximum at pH 11. Hunter L values were maximum at pH 5 and 7. Microstructure studied with electron microscopy was distinctly different at the five pH values. Alkaline gels showed a fine ordered network that might have contributed to excellent textural characteristics. Water-holding capacity (WHC) was high at alkaline pH, but decreased with addition of 2-mercaptoethanol, suggesting that disulfide bonds were important in egg white gels. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) improved WHC at pH 7 and 9. No significant correlation was observed between textural profiles and WHC.     

金属型GPF对GDI发动机颗粒物微观特性的影响

采用高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)对安装了金属型汽油机颗粒捕集器(GPF)的汽油缸内直喷(GDI)发动机颗粒物进行观察,研究了转速为1500 r/min,负荷分别为25%、50%、75%和100%工况下的GPF前、后端颗粒物微观形貌及微观结构参数变化.结果表明:组成颗粒物的基本粒子均呈近似球形,堆积形成链状、枝状和环状等不规则几何形状,负荷和GPF对颗粒物微观形貌无明显影响;GPF前、后端收集的颗粒物基本粒子绝大多数为“外壳-内核”结构;GPF前、后端颗粒物的微晶尺寸、层间距和曲率均呈单峰分布,其中,GPF前、后端平均微晶尺寸随负荷的增加而增大,而平均层间距、平均曲率的变化规律则相反,说明颗粒物石墨化程度随负荷的增加而增大.负荷和GPF仅对颗粒物微观结构参数的大小有影响,对其分布规律没有影响.     

INFLUENCE OF CELL SIZE AND CELL WALL VOLUME FRACTION ON FAILURE PROPERTIES OF POTATO AND CARROT TISSUE

This article presents the influence of cell size and cell wall volume fraction on the failure parameters of potato tuber and carrot tissue. Confocal scanning laser microscope was used for obtaining images of the cell structure of the tissues. The mean cell face area and the cell wall volume fraction obtained from the images was compared with work to failure, failure stress, failure strain and secant modulus obtained in a compression test of potato and carrot tissue at two strain rates. Bigger cells and less amount of cell wall material weakened the tissue, which was visible as a linear decrease in the parameters: work to failure, failure stress and failure strain. There were differences between potato and carrot in the secant modulus. For carrot, the secant modulus changed with microstructural parameters, whereas for potato, the secant modulus did not depend on these values. The strain rate decreases all the failure properties for potato. For carrot, only the work to failure was affected by the strain rate.     

逐层微细电阻滑焊工艺制备三维微结构

采用飞秒激光切割和微细电阻滑焊组合的方法制备了高深宽比的三维微结构。为了提高每层二维微结构的叠加精度和连接强度,用逐层微细电阻滑焊对每层二维微结构进行滑焊以获得较好的工艺参数。对上述工艺参数所制备的微结构进行了抗剪切能力测试,测试结果显示:随着滑焊放电次数的增加,微结构的极限剪切力由8.04N逐渐增加至65.97N。而后,通过能量分散光谱仪(EDS)对电极的沉积效应进行了研究。最后,在120mW的飞秒激光,50μm/s的切割速度,0.21V的焊接电压,0.2MPa的焊接压强,100ms的预压时间,10ms的焊接时间以及160次的滑焊放电次数等工艺参数下制备了基本尺寸为50μm×50μm的微方孔阵列以及微齿轮结构。实验结果表明:通过逐层微细电阻滑焊制备的微结构表面质量良好,各层微结构之间叠加较好,显示逐层微细电阻滑焊可以较好地保证三维微结构中各层二维微结构的连接强度和叠层精度。     

微结构内纳秒脉冲空气放电中微通道的形成及高能电子的产生过程(英文)

The investigations results of the different types of high-voltage nanosecond atmospheric discharges(diffusive in the gaps "wire(cathode)-plane", "rod(cathode)-plane", spark "point-plane" and in homogeneous gaps "plane-plane", as well as streamerless discharges in homogeneous gaps "plane-plane") are present. It was found out that the current channels prints, left on the electrodes surface, has the microstructure. The microstructure is a cluster(up to 1 000) of the microchannels of 1~30 μm diameters almost evenly distributed on the channels section. It was found out that in some cases the discharges develop in the regime of microstructuring of the current channels, are accompanied by generation of high-energy electrons and x-ray radiation. In this case the generation of high-energy component is stipulated by the electrons runaway in the microchannels. The calculation results of the electric field in clusters of parallel microchannels in the frameworks of the model of a bundle of parallel long cylindrical conductors are present. It is shown that in the clusters with many microchannels in the result of mutual attenuation of their fields maximum strength of the radial field could be lower than the critical one, which is necessary for ionization multiplication and expansion. This provides long existence of microchannels groups of microns radii in the high-voltage nanosecond discharges. A physical model of the streamerless discharge microstructure formation at the result of instability development of the ionization process in the avalanche stage is developed. It was established that the instability has long wave character and leads to formation of self-similar spatial structure. It is shown that the microstructure of the streamer discharges could be explained in the frameworks of this model. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of dynamics of microchannels system of high-voltage nanosecond discharges in the air of atmospheric pressure is performed in hydrodynamic approximation. It is established that fast(≈10 ns) expansion and significant decreasing of the gas concentration in the microchannels takes place at the expense of ohmic heating of the microchannels. It is shown that the microchannels expansion provides increase of electric field and gas concentration ratio up to the values that are sufficient for high-energy electrons beams and bremsstrahlung generation in them.     

电解复合超声频振动微细加工机理与试验研究


进行了电解复合超声频振动加工微结构的基础试验,分析了微电流电解过程钝化现象,研究了超声频振动冲击波及负压空化作用消除电解钝化作用机理。分析了电解加工方式与超声频振动协调同步方法,设计和构造了微细电解复合压电式超声频振动微细加工系统。利用微细特种加工技术制作各类截面形状、尺寸的微细阴极。进行了多种材料微结构的复合加工试验,并验证了电解复合超声频振动方法实现微细加工可行性与技术优势,研究了应用该工艺进行微结构加工的工艺特性。     

高压成型铝硅系列合金晶粒组织控制及其强化技术的研究进展

综述了高压条件下的铝硅系列合金的晶粒组织控制及其强化技术,介绍了我国高压成型的产业化情况.高压条件下结晶的零件性能高低主要取决于结晶前的液态金属结构和成型过程中的结晶条件,零件强化的主要工艺措施有热速处理、细化处理以及压力下结晶.开展铝硅合金结晶的晶粒组织控制模拟仿真技术研究的理论主要是基于第一性原理和物理统计学理论,根据Monte-carlo模型和CA模型进行.结合高压成型实际生产工艺,说明了高压成型的晶粒组织控制的可行性.     

机械力化学效应对煤矸石物理性能的影响

用高能行星磨对煅烧后煤矸石进行机械力化学活化,通过XRD、SEM和FI-IR分析,研究了粉磨过程中煤矸石的粒度、密度、形貌和显微结构的变化情况.结果表明:煤矸石属于易磨性物质,极易细化,球磨处理后的煤矸石,颗粒表面光滑,高岭土晶相消失,α-石英结晶程度降低,Al-O键和Si-O键键能和键结构发生了明显的变化,煤矸石活性提高.     

颗粒复合材料断裂的梁网格模型

通过发展一种三段式单元,改进了颗粒复合材料的梁网格断裂模型。根据单元内各段交接处的平衡条件推导了单元刚度矩阵。与已有的模型相比,改进的模型能够更加真实的反映颗粒和基体之间的界面区域,并且能够容纳小于网格尺寸的颗粒。计算结果表明利用改进的模型能够得到合理的力-位移关系和断裂模式。