Synthesis of fluorine-graphite intercalation compounds by elemental fluorine and high oxidation-state transition-metal fluorides

Fluorine-graphite intercalation compounds have been synthesized using high purity fluorine gas and high oxidation-state transition-metal fluorides, AgF₃ and NiF₃, at room temperature and at −78 °C. At room temperature, a mixture of stage 1 + 2 − 4 compounds with compositions, C_4.2F to C_14.6F were obtained. On the other hand, stage 2–4 compounds with compositions C_5.6F to C_14.2F were synthesized at −78 °C. The fluorinating ability of AgF₃ and NiF₃ has been shown more clearly at room temperature because a small amount of fluorine was intercalated/absorbed into graphite at −78 °C without catalysts. XPS spectra show that ionic, nearly ionic, semi-covalent and covalent fluorines coexist in the C_xF samples, and that the covalency of CF bonding increases with decreasing stage number.     

Continuous hydrogenation of vegetable oils in reactors equipped with static mixers

Continuous hydrogenation of industrially refined soybean oil with Harshaw Ni catalyst was achieved in a slurry column equipped with Sulzer SMV motionless mixers. The influence of the operating parameters (temperature, pressure, catalyst concentration and gas velocity) was investigated. The presumption that, in this equipment, the liquid-solid mass transfer limits the rate of the process is in good agreement with the experimental data.     

化学法处理电镀工业园生产废水技术应用

本文介绍化学法处理电镀废水的应用实例。通过对废水中污染物去除效果的分析,说明该工艺处理电镀废水效果好,运行稳定,操作简单,适宜处理电镀工业园的生产废水。     

化学镀镍复合配位剂的研究

采用对比试验和正交试验,以镀速、孔隙率、镀液稳定性和镀层硬度为评价指标,研究了单一配位剂及复合配位剂对镀液和镀层性能的影响,得到了复合配位剂的最优组合:8.4g/L乳酸,6g/L苹果酸,9g/L柠檬酸,8g/L丁二酸,1g/L丙酸。采用该复合配位剂的工艺配方可提高镀液使用寿命,获得性能优良的镀层。     

纳米级氢氧化镍制备及电化学性能研究

介绍了一种通过合成草酸镍,进而生成β型纳米氢氧化镍的新的合成路线,从而达到大幅度提高镍氢电池正极放电容量的目的。使用X射线衍射（XRD）分析产品的晶型结构。从产品谱图中可以得知：由于特征衍射峰的出现可以判定该产品为β型,且由于（001）峰的宽化可以初步判定其为纳米级。通过透射电镜（TEM）可以看出产品粒径和形貌的具体特征,即产品为针状,长度为100～200 nm,直径为10～20 nm。将纳米级氢氧化镍制成电极,经过充放电测试可以发现电容量约为400 mA.h/g,远远高于球形微米级氢氧化镍的放电容量。     

α-蒎烯催化加氢合成顺式蒎烷的研究

本文研究了以镍系催化剂催化α－蒎烯加氢合成高选择性的顺式蒎烷。考察了反应压力、反应温度及催化剂用量等因素对产品的影响，在此基础上确定了适宜的工艺参数。在此条件下反应，α－蒎烯转化率＞99％，顺式蒎烷选择性＞95．7％。     

Alumina Grown during Deposition of Thermal Barrier Coatings on NiCrAlY

The microstructure of Al₂O₃ formed by oxidation of a model NiCrAlY alloy during electron-beam physical vapor deposition of ZrO₂–7.6 mol% YO_1.5 is examined and compared with that formed on the bare substrate. The growth rate, morphology, and chemical composition of the oxide vary among the different constituents of the alloy surface and are further influenced by the O₂ partial pressure and the physical presence of the thermal barrier coating (TBC) layer. These differences, however, are largely limited to the outer oxide layer. The interplay between the TBC and the growing oxide leads to the formation of a fine-grain Al₂O₃–ZrO₂"mixed zone" within the thermally grown oxide. A mechanism is outlined to explain this behavior, based on the dissolution of ZrO₂ in a transient Al₂O₃ structure growing by outward diffusion of Al, and its subsequent reprecipitation when the metastable phase transforms to the stable α-Al₂O₃ form.     

废镍触媒的综合利用

本文采用酸溶，除渣，分离及蒸发浓缩，冷却，过滤等操作步骤，从废镍触媒中回收得有实用价值的硫酸镍，硫酸镁晶体，其回收率分别为７５％和９０％，经济效益也比较好。     

Suppression of the α → β-nickel hydroxide transformation in concentrated alkali: Role of dissolved cations

The presence of dissolved cations such as Al and Zn in alkaline electrolyte (6 M KOH) suppresses the -nickel hydroxide transformation. The uptake of Al (10 mol%) and Zn (30 mol%) exhibited by the active material likely stabilizes the -phase. Dissolved Al is deleterious to the performance of the nickel hydroxide electrode, whereas, dissolved Zn enhances the specific discharge capacity of nickel hydroxide by approximately 25% showing that the mode of metal uptake is different in the two cases.     

Activity–Composition Relations in NiAl2O4─MnAl2O4 Solid Solutions and Stabilities of NiAl2O4 and MnAl2O4 at 1300° and 1400°C

Activities of NiO were measured in the oxide and spinel solutions of the system MnO–NiO–Al₂O₃ at 1300° and 1400° C with the aim of deriving information on the thermodynamic properties of the spinel phases. Synthetic samples in selected phase assemblages of the system were equilibrated with metallic nickel and a gas phase of known oxygen partial pressures at a total pressure of 1 atm. The data on NiO activities and directions of conjugation lines between coexisting oxide and spinel phases were used to establish the activity–composition relations in spinel solid solutions at 1300° and 1400°C. The MnAl₂O₄–NiAl₂O₄ solid solutions exhibit considerable negative deviations from ideality at these temperatures. The free energy of formation of MnAl₂O₄ from its oxide components (MnO + Al₂O₃) at 1300° and 1400°C is calculated to be −24.97 and −26.56 kJ. mol⁻¹, respectively. The activities determined in the stoichiometric spinel solid solutions are more negative as compared with those predicted from cation distribution models.