高聚物材料动态模量测量与分析

高聚物材料具有良好的阻尼结构特性,因此在减振降噪中发挥很大作用。高聚物材料的模量是复数,并且随着系统的频率和环境温度呈非线性变化。将某高聚物材料在动态热机械分析仪上进行动态力学行为实验,并对实验结果采用分数导数维模型进行拟合。结果表明,分数导数维Maxwell模型可以同时精确的拟合高聚物材料的存储模量和损耗模量随频率变化的曲线,而且其形式简单,统一,计算所需参数较少,研究结果为实际应用提供了参考依据。     

Creep and recovery behaviors of magnetorheological elastomers

This paper presents experimental and modeling study of creep and recovery behaviors of magneto-rheological elastomers (MREs) under constant stresses. Experimental study was accomplished using a rheometer with parallel-plate geometry. Under constant stresses ranging from a small value to a large one, the resultant strains were recorded. The experimental results demonstrated that MREs behave as linear visocleastic properties. The effects of the magnetic field and stress on MRE creep behaviors were discussed. Moreover, a four-parameter viscoelastic model was developed to describe MRE creep behaviors. The comparison between the experimental results and the modeling predictions indicates that the model can predict MRE creep behaviors very well.     

超声波塑料焊接机理

采用数值仿真和试验研究了超声波塑料焊接过程中不同特征温度段的产热机理.利用有限元法(FEM)对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)材料超声波焊接过程中的粘弹性热以及摩擦热进行了计算.基于计算结果,提出了摩擦热是焊接过程的启动热源,粘弹热是焊接过程主要热源的观点.制备了相应的试件并搭建测温系统对焊接过程进行测温试验,试验结果验证了仿真结果的正确性.对焊接过程中的产热机理给出了更清晰的解释,有助于超声波塑料焊接技术进一步在精密焊接领域的应用.     

复合材料夹杂双层粘弹性材料的应变能和阻尼性能分析

分析了复合材料夹杂双层粘弹性阻尼材料组成的对称夹层板的线性弯曲,其中夹杂的粘弹性阻尼材料作为各向同性材料处理。既考虑面内应变能又考虑横向切应力应变能,用Ritz法研究各应力分量的应变能。以四边夹紧为边界条件的方板为例,计算并分析了复合材料层和粘弹性层的应变能以及复合结构的损耗因子。结果表明:复合材料层中的面内应变能占主要地位;粘弹性层中的xz方向和yz方向的切应力应变能较大;芯层的应变能很小。     

复合共挤成型中挤出胀大的三维粘弹数值模拟

采用Phan-Thien and Tanner(PTT)本构方程,建立了矩形截面共挤口模内外两种聚合物熔体流动的三维粘弹数值模型,有限元模拟了聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯(PP/PS)共挤过程中的挤出胀大现象,并用实验验证了模拟结果。研究表明:当入口体积流量相同时,两熔体挤出口模后会朝向黏度较高的PS熔体一侧偏转,型材截面呈非对称畸变。两熔体在垂直挤出方向上的速度分布导致了挤出胀大过程中熔体的偏转流动,而口模出口处的剪切速率分布基本决定了共挤型材截面的形状。实验结果与模拟结果基本相符,模拟所得挤出胀大率比实际值大8.6%。等温假设是影响共挤出胀大数值模拟准确度的主要因素。     

岩石边坡动力稳定安全系数的块体单元法分析

 将动力分析的块体单元法应用于岩石边坡地震稳定时程分析。将黏弹性人工边界条件的思想与块体单元理论相结合,建立块体系统的人工边界条件,用以模拟地基的弹性恢复能力和地基对散射波能量的吸收,从而消除波动在计算区域边界上的反射。黏弹性边界具有稳定性好,易于与计算程序结合的优点。通过动力计算所得的块体加速度计算块体的惯性力,并由此判断块体可能的滑动模式,进而根据滑动模式将惯性力分解为块体滑动力和垂直于滑动方向的作用力,由此作用力计算块体的抗滑力。块体抗滑稳定安全系数即为抗滑力与滑动力之比,从而可以得到地震过程中块体稳定安全系数时程曲线。小湾水电站进水口边坡算例体现了该方法的工程应用能力。     

Design and implementation of tuned viscoelastic dampers for vibration control in milling

Passive means of vibration attenuation have been employed successfully and efficiently in machining systems such as turning and milling. Traditional approach to controlling vibration in a milling system is to develop control mechanisms for cutting tools or machine spindles. However, due to the nature of milling operations where the cutting tools rotate at high speed, the passive vibration control methods find very limited application with the traditional approach. In order to utilise the potential of the passive vibration control methodology in milling applications, the milling operation should be viewed as a system comprising an elastic structure and operation parameters. Dynamics of this closed-loop system should improve with improvement in dynamics of any of the system components, especially within the elastic structure that comprises the cutting tool, the machine tool, the workholding system and the workpiece. Although the level of improvement will vary depending on which component of the elastic chain is targeted for this purpose. This paper presents the development and testing of tuned viscoelastic dampers (TVDs) for vibration control through their application on a workpiece in milling operations. This work targets workpiece held on a palletised workholding system for the control of unwanted vibration and thus deviates from the traditional approach where cutting tool and/or machine spindles are targeted for vibration control strategies. Palletised workholding systems, due to their compact design, offer an opportunity to design passive damping mechanisms that are easier to implement in the case of a milling system. The TVD developed through this research is based on a commercially available viscoelastic damping polymer. Advantage of such materials is their high damping performance over a wide range of excitation frequencies. The TVD design process has used a unique combination of analytical modelling with experimental FRF data. Modal impact testing showed that the application of the TVD reduced the amplitude of vibration acceleration by 20 dB for the target mode. Since the target mode corresponded to torsional vibration, the TVD was effective in two planar coordinates, i.e. X and Y. In addition, the TVD also significantly reduced the amplitude of a vibration mode far from the mode it was designed for. The system has been tested experimentally to demonstrate significant reduction in vibration amplitudes during a milling process. The milling tests with different combinations of cutting parameters show that multi-TVD approach is always valid regardless of the parameters being used. The only requirement for TVDs to function effectively is that the natural frequency of the system, for which the TVDs are designed, is excited during the milling process.     

强化泡沫体系气液界面流变性对驱油效果的影响

以α烯烃磺酸钠和商品稳泡剂作为发泡表面活性剂,添加不同类型聚合物,通过气泡悬滴驰豫震荡法,测定不同强化泡沫体系的气液界面扩张流变参数,并测定其半衰期,得出不同扩张流变性能对泡沫稳定性和驱油效果的影响。实验表明,聚合物溶液浓度增加时,界面黏弹模量也增加,大幅增加气液界面黏性模量能够达到稳泡效果,驱油效果得到大幅改善。生物聚合物有很高的界面黏弹模量,界面黏性模量是影响泡沫半衰期的主要因素,增加气液界面黏性模量是提高泡沫半衰期的有效方法。界面弹性模量对泡沫驱油效果和注入能力影响很大,过高的弹性模量会导致泡沫变形阻力增大,造成地层堵塞注入困难,选择适当气液界面黏弹模量的泡沫体系,能达到较好的泡沫驱油效果。     

聚合物溶液在驱油过程中对盲端类残余油的弹性作用

从微观驱油实验出发,研究了聚合物溶液的粘弹性对驱油效率的影响,定量分析了聚合物溶液的弹性在驱油过程中对残余油的作用机理.研究结果表明,对于油湿盲端,随着聚合物溶液弹性的增加,盲端类残余油的驱油效率提高.对于水湿“盲端”,聚合物溶液不能提高不可动残余油的驱替效率.如果“盲端”处的残余油为可动油,或有其他油滴流入“盲端”与残余油聚并,即可形成较大的可动油滴,用粘弹性流体驱替,可使“盲端”处残余油饱和度降低.对仿真类孔隙介质,聚合物溶液的粘弹性均可提高微观驱油效率.     

清洁压裂液技术研究与应用

从作用原理出发,介绍了清洁压裂液的研究现状和应用情况。从现场应用情况看,清洁压裂液对低渗透储层具有良好的控滤失、无残渣、耐高温、黏度大、返排效果好、易于彻底破胶、流变性好、携砂能力强等优点,施工中能够在目的油气层造成更理想的裂缝长度,保持较高的裂缝导流能力,既可以提高油气井的采收率,又能降低对地层的伤害。清洁压裂液作为一类新型的低伤害压裂液具有良好的发展应用前景,应结合压裂技术进行深入研究。