基于FEM-SVM的大坝可靠度分析方法

为解决复杂大坝可靠度分析计算时难以求得显示的功能函数和传统随机有限元计算时间长、工作量大等问题,提出将有限元(FEM)、支持向量机(SVM)和Monte-Carlo法相结合的可靠度分析方法,即采用正交试验设计具有代表性的样本点,通过有限元计算生成学习样本,利用支持向量机具有解决高度非线性、小样本问题的能力,建立结构响应量和输入变量的映射关系,再利用Monte-Carlo法,结合输入变量的概率分布生成随机样本进行结构可靠度计算。实例计算表明,FEM-SVM分析方法具有较好的精度,同时大幅减少了计算时长和工作量。     

防控支流库湾水华的三峡水库潮汐式生态调度可行性研究

三峡水库支流水华问题已成为影响库区生态和民生的重要问题,迫切需要采取有效防控措施。因三峡水库上游流域面积大,流域污染防治工作只能作为长期目标,生态调度可能是目前见效较快,最易接受的水华防控方法。通过总结防控支流库湾水华的生态调度研究进展,重点阐明了潮汐式生态调度对支流库湾水华的防控机理及效果。研究表明,水体分层是支流库湾水华发生的主要诱因;在支流库湾分层异重流背景下,潮汐式生态调度能够通过打破支流库湾水体分层,减小支流库湾水体滞留时间等方式抑制藻类水华;三峡水库调度试验表明,潮汐式生态调度不仅可有效缓解支流水华暴发强度,还能在常规调度的基础上增大三峡水库的综合效益,具有可行性,可作为三峡水库调度的定性指导方法。     

The effect of fructooligosaccharides on the sensory characteristics of cooked sausages

The effect of a short chain fructooligosaccharide on the sensory properties of conventional and reduced-fat cooked meat sausages has been studied in products in which a fat reduction of close to 40% was obtained. The fibre assayed was used in sufficient amounts to constitute between 2% and 12% of the final product. The energy value reduction of the final products was close to 35%. Instrumental measurements of colour and texture were performed. Sensory properties were estimated by a hedonic test. A correlation principal component analysis was performed. The results showed that the sensory and textural properties and the overall acceptability were very good, which indicated that this fibre can be considered a good fat replacer in meat products. Thus, with its addition, a reduced calorie product enriched with soluble dietetic fibre is obtained.     

Determination of fatty acids in the subcutaneous fat of Iberian breed swine by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with a fibre-optic probe

A near infrared spectrometer equipped with a standard 1210/210 bundle remote reflectance fibre-optic probe, with a 5×5 cm quartz window, was used for the determination of fatty acids in the subcutaneous fat of Iberian pigs. A comparative study was made of the determination of fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20: 1, Σpolyunsaturated, Σmonounsaturated and Σsaturated) in samples of subcutaneous fat from Iberian pigs by direct application of the fibre-optic probe on samples of whole subcutaneous fat and with cam-lock cups, assessing extracts of total lipids with diethyl ether. The regression method employed was modified partial least squares (MPLS). Calibration of 157 samples, using the fibre optic probe, allowed determination of fatty acids in the following ranges: C14:0 (0.78-1.77), C16:0 (15.87-29.74), C18:0 (4.61-15.90), C18:1 (43.50-61.27), C18:2 (2.03-13.94), C18:3 (0.13-1.14), C20:1 (0.45-2.32), Σpolyunsaturated (2.31-14.82), Σmonounsaturated (47.37-65.62), Σsaturated (22.09-47.31), with corrected standard errors of prediction SEP(C) of 0.093, 0.56, 0.67, 0.94, 0.42, 0.10, 0.20, 0.46, 0.94, 0.83, respectively. The robustness of the method using the fibre-optic probe was tested in a slaughterhouse using 23 samples for external validation, giving multiple correlation coefficients (RSQ) for C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 C20:1, Σpolyunsaturated, Σmonounsaturated, Σsaturated acids of 0.72, 0.94, 0.72, 0.79, 0.88, 0.55, 0.17, 0.88, 0.74, and 0.90, respectively, and a corrected standard error of prediction [SEP(C)] for these acids (%) of 0.11, 0.60, 0.84, 1.20, 0.77, 0.11, 0.30, 0.76, 1.21, and 1.18, respectively.     

Subcutaneous and intermuscular fat characterisation of dry-cured Iberian hams

The fatty acid composition of the triacylglycerols and free fatty acids of subcutaneous (internal and superficial layers) and intermuscular fat and the contribution of these fatty acids to the formation of volatile compounds were determined in dry-cured Iberian ham. The profile of the fatty acids and volatile compounds showed that lipolytic and oxidative processes occur more intensively in subcutaneous than intermuscular fat, however, few differences were found compared to those found in ham lean.     

珠海350 kt/a 精对苯二甲酸装置开工建设

产能 35 0ｋｔ/ａ的精对苯二甲酸 (ＰＴＡ)装置于 2 0 0 0年 11月 13日在珠海市临港工业区正式动工兴建 ,计划于 2 0 0 2年竣工。该项目将由Ａｍｏｃｏ 珠海化工公司拥有并经营。该公司是ＢＰＡｍｏｃｏ、珠海富华集团和中国化纤总公司 3年前成立的合资公司 ,ＢＰＡｍｏｃｏ持股 80 % ,富华集团持股15 % ,中国化纤总公司持股 5 %。该合资项目总投资达 3.6亿美元。我国现有ＰＴＡ装置共 12套 ,生产能力达 2 0 86ｋｔ/ａ。国内ＰＴＡ生产主要用于聚酯纤维 ,其消费量约占总产量的90 %。随着我国电子工业、汽车工业、食品包装等相关行业的飞速发…     

近期国内乙烯项目扩建消息

20 0 0年 12月 8日 ,改造后的中原 180ｋｔ/ａ乙烯装置生产出合格乙烯 ,标志着由中原乙烯 140ｋｔ/ａ改扩为 180ｋｔ/ａ的乙烯改造取得圆满成功。该工程总体改造投入为 3.6亿元人民币 ,按目前产品售价计算 ,每年可实现 5～ 6亿元人民币的销售收入 ,其重大设备供应首次由国内承担 ,是中国石化集团公司小乙烯改造的三大试点之一 ,对其它小乙烯改造具有示范作用。国家发展计划委员会批准了福建 6 0 0ｋｔ/ａ乙烯项目建议书。该项目包括建一套 6 0 0ｋｔ/ａ乙烯装置、一套 45 0ｋｔ/ａ聚乙烯装置和一套 30 0ｋｔ/ａ聚丙烯装置 ,总耗资为 133亿元…     

An Exact Solution for Heat Transfer of a Jet Co-Axially Impinging on a Rotating Disk and Its Comparisons with Stagnation Point Experiments

IntroductionJet impingement is a widely used high-efficiencytechnique fOr cooling rotating disks, which are end-wallsurfaces of gas turbine rotors, comPuter disk drives etc.Fluid f'low, heat trallsfer and geometric arrangement inthe case of a single round jet impinging co-axially in anorthogonal mode on a rotatng disk are characterized byFig. l.Many peculiarihes of fluid fIow and heat transfer ofreal impinging jets under comPlicated conditions(different system geometry, impinging flow proper…     

Atmospheric semivolatile organochlorine compounds in European high-mountain areas (central Pyrenees and high Tatras)

Atmospheric samples from two European high-mountain areas showed similar composition of semivolatile organochlorine compounds (SOC), such as polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), DDTs, endosulfans, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). Nearly all compounds were predominantly found in the gas phase and only the less volatile such as some PCBs (e.g., 149, 118, 153, 138, and 180) were found in higher abundance in the particulate phase. HCB, 49-85 pg m(-3), is the dominant SOC. This compound is only found in the gas phase exhibiting uniform concentrations irrespective of season and air mass origin. SOC of present use, like HCHs and endosulfans, were found in higher concentrations in the warm periods, 32-46 and 4-10 pg m(-3) in the gas + particulate phases, respectively, reflecting their seasonal pattern of use in many European countries. PCB and 4,4'-DDE, 39-42 and 4-6 pg m(-3) in the gas + particulate phases, respectively, also showed a seasonal trend despite neither the former nor the precursor of the latter (4,4'-DDT) being manufactured with their use drastically restricted since the 1980s. The seasonal differences are mainly due to a higher occurrence of air masses with strong continental inputs in the warm than in the cold periods. In this respect, samples whose air masses traveled at the high troposphere (backward air mass trajectories >6000 m) have been observed to carry considerably smaller PCB and 4,4'-DDE loads (9.3 +/- 2.8 and 0.4 +/- 0.05 pg m(-3), respectively) than overall average.     

Influence of carcass weight on instrumental and sensory lamb meat quality in intensive production systems

The effects of cooking viz. pressure-cooking and broiling and storage at 4 °C for six days and -10 °C for 90 days on lipid oxidation and development of cholesterol oxidation products in mutton were studied. Results revealed that cooking of meat significantly increased the total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids, free fatty acids and glycerides, but they did not change during refrigerated and frozen storage. The TBA values increased on cooking and during storage. However, the values were below the threshold level for rancidity development. The following cholesterol oxidation products were separated by thin layer chromatography cholestanetriol, 7-α-hydroxy cholesterol, 19-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, cholesterol-α-epoxide, cholesterol-β-epoxide and an unidentified fraction. All these fractions except the unidentified fraction increased on cooking. On refrigerated and even on frozen storage all these fractions increased except the unidentified fraction, which showed a concomitant reduction. The changes in broiled meat were more pronounced compared to pressure-cooked meat. Results clearly indicated that even frozen storage of cooked meat did not prevent the development of cholesterol oxidation products.